EMEP Monitoring Activities – Contributions to and Requirements from GAS

1. EMEP Monitoring Activities – Contributions to and Requirements from GAS AasmundFahreVik, KjetilTørseth Norwegian Institute for Air Research afv@nilu.no

2. Outline What is EMEP EMEP monitoring strategy How does EMEP contribute to GAS What are the needs of EMEP from GAS Use of satellite products

3. European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme Funded through UN-ECE since 1979 http://www.emep.int More than 50 participating countries in larger Europe Focus on monitoring of transboundary (regional scale) air pollution for CLRTAP Aim is to get countries to agree on reductions in emission of environmental pollutants Successful in reduction of problems with acidification in eighties EMEP overview

4. The Convention for Long-Range Transport of Air Pollution • The EMEP programme relies on three main elements: • Collection of emission data • (2) Measurements of air and precipitation quality • (3) Modelling of atmospheric transport and deposition of air pollution.

5. Sites operated for compliance, subject to QAQC by NFPs and NRLs Harmonisation related to monitoring strategies, methodologies, data flow and assessment 1980 1970 1990 2000 Data sharing agreements WMO WDCA WMO WDCGG WMO WDPC ”GEOSS” EMEP data overview ”EBAS” – Ref.lab, QAQC, CTM, IAM, AQM AMAP OSPAR COMISSION OECD-LRTAP HELCOM

6. EMEP Monitoring Traditionally focused on acidification and eutrophication – acid rain problems Continuously expanding its scope and adapting to new needs Consistent long-term time series are maintained to monitor emission reductions Current monitoring strategy covering 2004 – 2009 Revised strategy is under way

7. EMEP Monitoring strategy2004-2009 Extended list of parameters to be measured and more formal requirements Focus on extension wrt spatial coverage ”Level” approach ”Supersites” and the involvement of national research activities Monitoring in relation to other frameworks

8. Status 2006, incl intensive data Main ions in precip PM10 and/or PM2.5 TC, OC or OM 83 29 12 Heavy metals POP VOC 16 17 67

9. Status level 1 • Improved for particulate matter, chemical speciation and spatial coverage • However: • Still need more sites to measure base cations • and more sites in east of Europe

10. New EMEP sites in the EECCA region Support from: CAPACT http://www.unece.org/ie/capact Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs KZ: Borovoye UA: Danube delta (in kind) MD: Leovo GE: Abastumani AR: Amberd

11. Status Level 2, supersites • Improved: EC/OC, dust ,Hg and N gas/part (partly intensive periode data) • However • Still need for more sites measuring EC/OC, dust and gas/part regularly • Need better spatial coverage especially of POPs and VOC

12. Update of EMEPMonitoring Strategy (1) • Review of current strategy for identification of gaps in 2008 • Need to see EMEP monitoring in relation to: • Climate change • Local air pollution • Intercontinental transport • Agricultural activities • Natural sources (forest fires, dust events, etc.) • New substances

13. Update of EMEPMonitoring Strategy (2) Need to be harmonised with other initiatives (e.g. GMES, GEOSS, IGACO, WMO-GAW) Special need for data delivery in Near Real Time (and within weeks/months) Still no intention on provision of “Public Awareness” New strategy to be finalised in 2009

14. How does EMEPcontribute to GAS? (1) • Provides groundbased monitoring network: • Well documented data quality • Sites with large geographical representativeness • Comprehensive list of parameters • Supersites suitable for integrated monitoring and process studies • Long-term and conservative activity • User driven (buttom up), large scientific involvement • Significant ”voluntary commitment” • Combination of ”state-of-the-art” and ”simple-and-reliable” • Open data policy

15. How does EMEPcontribute to GAS? (2) Important driver for reduction in transboundary air pollution – policy connections Collects and distributes official emission datasets from members states Well established eulerian model developed by met.no - designed to calculate air concentrations and deposition fields for major acidifying and eutrophying pollutants, photo-oxidants and particulate matter Provision of Integrated Impact Assessments

16. What does EMEP need from GAS? Better estimation of model uncertainty through ensemble model runs (e.g. GEMS/MACC) More integrated monitoring to better characterise hemispheric transport Larger spatial coverage – especially in remote areas and over oceans

17. Organised under EMEP steering body Co-chaired by EU DG Env and US-EPA How large is the contribution of intercontinental transport of Air Pollution to regional-scale Air Quality? Data coverage of regular monitoring network not sufficient Request for additional data sources such as airborne measurements and satellite data Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution

18. Use of AATSR and SCIAMACHY data (SYNAER product) for regional scale air quality assessments through EMEP • The SYNAER product • Provided by DLR through ESA-GSE PROMOTE Stage I & II projects • Synergistic retrieval of aerosol properties based AATSR and SCIAMACHY (and ATSR/GOME) • Radiometer used to estimate AOD as a function of wavelength – gives information on size distribution • Spectrometer used to estimate aerosol composition and vertical distribution • Surface levels of PM10, PM2.5 and PM0.5 given for cloud-free pixels on SCIAMACHY-grid

19. SYNAER v0.9 v.s. EMEP (II)

20. Improved version, 1.8 1.8 0.9

21. Still problems with v1.8 Scatterplot of SYNAER data versus EMEP PM10 and PM2.5 values from four stations (Zarra, Payerne, Ispra and Birkenes) for the period 01.07.2005-30.09.2005 • NILU works in close collaboration with the data provider • Further analyses reveals problems with cloud masking algorithm • Data provider improves algorithm based on user feedback • V2.0 shows improvement, especially average values

22. Conclusions EMEP has developed a sustainable and comprehensive monitoring programme for evaluation of emission reductions EMEP monitoring system should become an integrated part of GMES GMES services are needed in order to fulfil future needs of CLRTAP – EMEP is core user in GAS