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  1. Boundless Lecture Slides Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  3. About Boundless • Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless.com. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  4. Voting as Political Participation Political Participation and Voting Why People Vote Voter Turnout Trends in Voting ] Political Participation and Voting Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  5. Political Participation and Voting > Voting as Political Participation Voting as Political Participation • Voting as Political Participation • Other Forms of Political Participation Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/political-participation-and-voting-9/voting-as-political-participation-67/

  6. Political Participation and Voting > Why People Vote Why People Vote • Socioeconomic Factors • Additional Factors: Gender, Age, Religion, Race, and Ethnicity • Party Identification • Political Ideology • The Candidates • Policy Preferences Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/political-participation-and-voting-9/why-people-vote-68/

  7. Political Participation and Voting > Voter Turnout Voter Turnout • Voter Turnout • Factors Affecting Voter Turnout • Low Voter Turnout • Attempts to Improve Voter Turnout • The Effect of Low Voter Turnout Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/political-participation-and-voting-9/voter-turnout-69/

  8. Political Participation and Voting > Trends in Voting Trends in Voting • African Americans • Latinos • Asian Americans • Women vs. Men • Religious Identity and Politics • Age and Participation Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/political-participation-and-voting-9/trends-in-voting-70/

  9. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  10. Political Participation and Voting Key terms • bloca group of voters or politicians who share common goals • candidateA person who is running in an election or who is applying to a position for a job. • candidateA person who is running in an election or who is applying to a position for a job. • Christian rightChristian right is a term used in the United States to describe right-wing Christian political groups that are characterized by their strong support of socially conservative policies. • civil societyAll of the institutions, voluntary organizations, and corporate bodies that are less than the state but greater than the family. • compulsory votingCompulsory voting is a system in which electors are obliged to vote in elections or attend a polling place on voting day. If an eligible voter does not attend a polling place, he or she may be subject to punitive measures, such as fines, community service, or perhaps imprisonment if fines are unpaid or community service not performed. • conservativeA political and social philosophy that promotes retaining traditional social institutions; often exemplified by the Republican Party in US politics. • denominatorThe denominator refers to the number of voters eligible to vote. • disenfranchiseto deprive someone of a franchise, generally their right to vote • disenfranchisementExplicit or implicit revocation of, or failure to grant the right to vote, to a person or group of people. • electoral collegeA body of electors empowered to elect someone to a particular office • EvangelicalPertaining to a movement in Protestant Christianity that stresses personal conversion and the authority of the Bible (evangelicalism). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  11. Political Participation and Voting • Fifteenth Amendmentan addition to the U.S. Constitution, adopted in 1870, which prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" • gender gapA measurable difference between the behaviors of men and women. • independentA candidate or voter not affiliated with any political party, a free thinker, free of a party platform. • issue votingThe type of voting that occurs when voters cast their vote based on political issues. • Jim CrowSouthern United States racist and segregationist policies in the late 1800's and early to mid 1900's, taken collectively. • liberalOne with liberal views, supporting individual liberty (see Wikipedia on Liberalism for a description of the various and diverging trends of liberalism). • mass mediaThe mass media are all those media technologies that are intended to reach a large audience by mass communication, which includes broadcast media and print media. • naturalizationNaturalization is the acquisition of citizenship and nationality by somebody who was not a citizen of that country at the time of birth. • numeratorIn voter turnout, the numerator refers to the number of voters who cast votes. • partisan dealignmentDealignment, in political science, is a trend or process whereby a large portion of the electorate abandons its previous partisan affiliation, without developing a new one to replace it. • party identificationParty identification refers to the political party with which an individual identifies. Party identification is typically determined by the political party that an individual most commonly supports (by voting or other means). • party votingThe type of voting that describes when voters cast their vote based on their self-identification with a particular political party. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  12. Political Participation and Voting • political ideologyA political ideology is a certain ethical set of ideals that explains how society should work, and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order. It focuses on type of government and economy. • protestA protest is an expression of objection, by words or by actions, to particular events, policies, or situations. Protests can take many different forms, from individual statements to mass demonstrations. Protesters may organize a protest as a way of publicly making their opinions heard in an attempt to influence public opinion or government policy. • salienceSalience is the perceived effect that an individual vote will have on how the country is run and has a significant effect on turnout. • social mediaInteractive forms of media that allow users to interact with and publish to each other, generally by means of the Internet. • social mediaInteractive forms of media that allow users to interact with and publish to each other, generally by means of the Internet. • socioeconomic statusSocioeconomic status (SES) is a combined economic and sociological measurement of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family's economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education, and occupation. • straight-ticket votingThe practice of voting for candidates of the same party for multiple positions. The finished voting ballot would consist of all Democrats or all Republicans, for example. • suffrageThe right or chance to vote, express an opinion, or participate in a decision. • suffrageThe right or chance to vote, express an opinion, or participate in a decision. • turnoutattendance; crowd • voteTo cast a vote; to assert a formalised choice in an election. • voteTo cast a vote; to assert a formalised choice in an election. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  13. Political Participation and Voting • voter fatiguevoter fatigue is the apathy that the electorate can experience under certain circumstances, one of which could be that they are required to vote too often. • voter registrationVoter registration is the requirement in some democracies for citizens and residents to check in with central registry specifically for the purpose of being allowed to vote in elections. • voter suppressionVoter suppression is a strategy to influence the outcome of an election by discouraging or preventing people from exercising their right to vote. • voter turnoutVoter turnout is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election. Exactly who is eligible varies by country, and should not be confused with the total adult population. • voter turnoutVoter turnout is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election. Exactly who is eligible varies by country, and should not be confused with the total adult population. • voter turnoutVoter turnout is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election. Exactly who is eligible varies by country, and should not be confused with the total adult population. • voter turnoutVoter turnout is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election. Exactly who is eligible varies by country, and should not be confused with the total adult population. • Youth voteThe youth vote is a political term used primarily in the United States to describe 18 to 29-year-olds and their voting habits. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  14. Political Participation and Voting Volunteering as political participation Volunteering is another form of political participation and a crucial part of a healthy civil society. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."USCG sailor volunteering at WT Sampson school in Guantanamo -a."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:USCG_sailor_volunteering_at_WT_Sampson_school_in_Guantanamo_-a.jpgView on Boundless.com

  15. Political Participation and Voting Voter Turnout by Sex and Age (2008) This is a chart illustrating voter turnout by sex and age for the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election using data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Notice the higher turnout rates for women, and for older people. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Voter Turnout by Sex and Age, 2008 US Presidential Election."CC BYhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Voter_Turnout_by_Sex_and_Age,_2008_US_Presidential_Election.pngView on Boundless.com

  16. Political Participation and Voting The First Vote This contemporary print depicts the first Black voters in the US exercising their new rights. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.Public domainhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fa/The_First_Vote.jpgView on Boundless.com

  17. Political Participation and Voting Voter Turnout by Educational Attainment –2008 Presidential Election Educational attainment, an indicator of social class, can predict one's level of political participation. Those with high educational attainment are more likely to vote in elections than those with little education. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikibooks."Introduction to Sociology/Politics."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/Politics%23Politics_and_ClassView on Boundless.com

  18. Political Participation and Voting March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, 1963 Interest groups may attempt to influence policy through public opinion campaigns, demonstrating that the electorate favors a particular policy stance. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."March on Washington edit."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:March_on_Washington_edit.jpgView on Boundless.com

  19. Political Participation and Voting Religious identity Religious identity plays a significant role in political participation Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.CC BYhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Civil_marriage_is_a_civil_right.JPGView on Boundless.com

  20. Political Participation and Voting Political Ideology Trends This chart, using Gallup Poll data, depicts trends in US political ideologies from 1992-2012. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Ideology-trends."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ideology-trends.pngView on Boundless.com

  21. Political Participation and Voting Issue Voting: War in Afghanistan Some voters vote for a candidate based on that candidate's stance on a particular issue, such as the war in Afghanistan or healthcare. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."2010-03-20 12-18-38laura."CC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2010-03-20_12-18-38laura.JPGView on Boundless.com

  22. Political Participation and Voting Voter Turnout in the United States Graph of Voter turnout in the United States presidential elections from 1824 to 2008. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Voter turnout."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voter_turnout.pngView on Boundless.com

  23. Political Participation and Voting Voter Turnout Voters lining up outside a Baghdad polling station during the 2005 Iraqi election. Voter turnout was considered high despite widespread concerns of violence. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Iraqi voters in Baghdad2."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Iraqi_voters_in_Baghdad2.jpgView on Boundless.com

  24. Political Participation and Voting Immigrant Rights and Civil Rights Organizations serving immigrant communities are starting to encourage more political participation, including voting. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Flickr."Immigration Reform Leaders Arrested in Washington DC | Flickr - Photo Sharing!."CC BYhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/45976898@N02/4574551377/View on Boundless.com

  25. Political Participation and Voting President Barack Obama Barack Obama's presidential campaigns were successful partly as a result of youth participation. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Official portrait of Barack Obama."CC BY 3.0http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Barack_Obama.jpgView on Boundless.com

  26. Political Participation and Voting Voter Turnout by Income (2008) This is a figure illustrating the different rates of voting in the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election by income. The higher income, the more likely a person is to vote. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikibooks."Introduction to Sociology/Politics."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/Politics%23Politics_and_ClassView on Boundless.com

  27. Political Participation and Voting Suffragettes Women across the US organized for decades to gain the right to vote for women. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Nystatefair 1915 suffragettes."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nystatefair_1915_suffragettes.jpgView on Boundless.com

  28. Political Participation and Voting 2008 Election Participation in the 2008 presidential election was greater than usual, as people were motivated by the open race and the candidate choices. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Obama Austin."CC BYhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Obama_Austin.jpgView on Boundless.com

  29. Political Participation and Voting History of Voting in the United States This painting from 1846 depicts a polling judge administering an oath to a voter. Since America's founding, voting has been a primary avenue for citizen participation in politics. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Countyelection."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Countyelection.jpgView on Boundless.com

  30. Political Participation and Voting Participating in campaigns Making phone calls during a campaign can be an important way for citizens to participate in politics. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."USW Phone Bank August 2008 Ohio."CC BYhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:USW_Phone_Bank_August_2008_Ohio.jpgView on Boundless.com

  31. Political Participation and Voting Map of Compulsory Voting Countries Red: Compulsory voting, enforced. Pink: Compulsory voting, not enforced. Orange: Compulsory voting, enforced (only men). Light Orange: Compulsory voting, not enforced (only men). Yellow: the country had compulsory voting in the past. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."File:Compulsory voting.svg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia."CC0 1.0 Universalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Compulsory_voting.svg&page=1View on Boundless.com

  32. Political Participation and Voting Voter Supression Voters at voting booths in the United States in 1945 Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Voters at the voting booths in 1945."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voters_at_the_voting_booths_in_1945.jpgView on Boundless.com

  33. Political Participation and Voting Political Participation Asian American communities have a long history of both disenfranchisement and political participation in the US. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Flickr."Members of ILGWU Local 2329, ILGWU Local 23-25, and SEIU Local 1199 picket for a boycott on grapes.Several Asian Americans are present with placards in Chinese.| Flickr - Photo Sharing!."CC BYhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/kheelcenter/5279088717/in/photostream/View on Boundless.com

  34. Political Participation and Voting Issue Voting: Education Some voters cast their ballots according to specific policy issues, for example, education reform. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."20061005-6 p100506pm-397-598v."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:20061005-6_p100506pm-397-598v.jpgView on Boundless.com

  35. Political Participation and Voting Percentage of LIberals in the US Percent of self-identified liberals in the United States, broken down by state, according to Gallup, August 2010. The darkest colors to lightest colors, respectively, indicate the greatest percentages of people identifying as liberals. (The darkest color represents 28% and above, while the lightest color is under 14%). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."File:Liberal Gallup 8-10.svg - Wikimedia Commons."CC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Liberal_Gallup_8-10.svg&page=1View on Boundless.com

  36. Political Participation and Voting Candidate Image The media's depictions of presidential candidates Republican George W. Bush and Democrat Al Gore during the 2000 presidential election influenced public perceptions. Bush was depicted as being unintelligent by news organizations that compiled lists of his gaffes and malapropisms. Gore was construed as being dishonest for allegedly claiming that he invented the Internet. When people decide to vote based on candidates rather than party identification or political ideology, candidate image can be very important. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."George-W-Bush."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:George-W-Bush.jpegView on Boundless.com

  37. Political Participation and Voting Reaching the Latino Vote Candidates routinely aim campaign ads at the fast-growing Latino and Asian American populations. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Si se puede, Tejas Obama."CC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Si_se_puede,_Tejas_Obama.jpgView on Boundless.com

  38. Political Participation and Voting Voter Turnout in the United States Graph of Voter turnout in the United States presidential elections from 1824 to 2008. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Voter turnout."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voter_turnout.pngView on Boundless.com

  39. Political Participation and Voting Electoral College The Electoral College map shows the results of the 2008 U.S. presidential election. Senator Barack Obama (D-IL) won the popular vote in 28 states and the District of Columbia (denoted in blue) to capture 365 electoral votes. Senator John McCain (R-AZ) won the popular vote in 22 states (denoted in red) to capture 173 electoral votes. Nebraska split its electoral vote when Senator Obama won the electoral vote from Nebraska's 2nd congressional district; the state's other four electoral votes went to Senator McCain. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."File:ElectoralCollege2008.svg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:ElectoralCollege2008.svg&page=1View on Boundless.com

  40. Political Participation and Voting Party Identification, 2004 This chart indicates the number of citizens registered as Republicans, Democrats, or Independents. The number of people identifying as independents is rising, indicating that less people are voting solely along traditional party lines. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."U.S.party affiliation."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:U.S._party_affiliation.svgView on Boundless.com

  41. Political Participation and Voting Voting Along Party Lines This chart indicates the results of the 2008 presidential election. Dark red districts supported Republican for President and Congress; red districts supported a Republican for President, and Democrat for Congress. Dark blue indicates districts that supported Democrat for President and Congress; blue indicates districts that supported Democrat for President and a Republican for Congress. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."File:2008 pres results by cd.svg - Wikimedia Commons."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:2008_pres_results_by_cd.svg&page=1View on Boundless.com

  42. Political Participation and Voting Attribution • Wiktionary."mass media."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mass_media • Wikipedia."partisan dealignment."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/partisan%20dealignment • Wiktionary."candidate."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/candidate • Saylor."POLSC231: Introduction to American Politics « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors."CC BY-SAhttp://www.saylor.org/courses/polsc231/?ismissing=0&resourcetype=1 • Saylor.CC BY-SAhttp://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/POLSC231_11.pdf • Wiktionary."social media."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/social_media • Wiktionary."turnout."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/turnout • Wikipedia."Youth vote."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_vote • Saylor.CC BYhttp://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/POLSC231_8.pdf • Wiktionary."liberal."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/liberal • Wiktionary."conservative."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/conservative • Wikipedia."political ideology."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/political%20ideology • Wikipedia."Political ideologies in the United States."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States • Boundless Learning."Boundless."CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//political-science/definition/party-voting • Wiktionary."candidate."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/candidate • Wikipedia."issue voting."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/issue%20voting • Wikipedia."Issue voting."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issue_voting Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  43. Political Participation and Voting • Wiktionary."suffrage."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suffrage • Wiktionary."denominator."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/denominator • Wiktionary."numerator."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/numerator • Wikipedia."Voter turnout."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voter_turnout • Wikipedia."Voting age population."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_age_population • Wikipedia."Suffrage."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffrage%23United_States • Wiktionary."civil society."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/civil_society • Wiktionary."social media."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/social_media • Wikipedia."protest."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/protest • Saylor.CC BY-SAhttp://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/POLSC231_8.pdf • Wiktionary."electoral college."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/electoral_college • Wikipedia."voter turnout."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voter%20turnout • Wikipedia."Voter turnout."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voter_turnout • Wikipedia."Electoral College (United States)."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States) • Wikipedia."Campaign finance in the United States."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campaign_finance_in_the_United_States%23Sources_of_campaign_funding • Wiktionary."gender gap."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gender_gap • Wikipedia."Christian right."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20right • Wikipedia."Youth vote."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth%20vote • Saylor."POLSC231: Introduction to American Politics « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors."CC BY-SAhttp://www.saylor.org/courses/polsc231/?ismissing=0&resourcetype=1 Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  44. Political Participation and Voting • Wikipedia."African American."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American%23Politics_and_social_issues • Wikipedia."Youth vote."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_vote • Wikipedia."Voter turnout."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voter_turnout%23Socio-economic_factors • Saylor."POLSC231: Introduction to American Politics « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors."CC BY-SAhttp://www.saylor.org/courses/polsc231/?ismissing=0&resourcetype=1 • Wikipedia."Christian right."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_right • Wiktionary."Evangelical."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Evangelical • Wikipedia."Religion and politics in the United States."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_and_politics_in_the_United_States • Wikipedia."Irreligion in the United States."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States • Wikipedia."voter turnout."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voter%20turnout • Wikipedia."Voter turnout."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voter_turnout • Wikipedia."salience."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/salience • Wikipedia."compulsory voting."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/compulsory%20voting • Wikipedia."Voter turnout."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voter_turnout • Wikipedia."Compulsory voting."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compulsory_voting • Wikipedia."naturalization."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/naturalization • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Politics in the United States. September 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m42916/latest/ • Wikipedia."Theories of political behavior."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_political_behavior • Wikipedia."Voting Rights Act."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act • United States Department of Justice."Civil Rights Division Home Page."Public domainhttp://www.justice.gov/crt/about/vot/sec_203/activ_203.php Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  45. Political Participation and Voting • Wiktionary."independent."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/independent • Wikipedia."straight-ticket voting."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/straight-ticket%20voting • Wikipedia."party identification."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/party%20identification • Saylor.CC BY-SAhttp://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/POLSC231_10.pdf • Saylor.CC BY-SAhttp://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/POLSC231_11.pdf • Wikipedia."Party identification."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_identification • Wikipedia."Straight ticket."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight_ticket • Wikipedia."voter registration."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voter%20registration • Wikipedia."voter turnout."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voter%20turnout • Wiktionary."vote."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vote • Saylor.CC BY-SAhttp://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/POLSC231_8.pdf • Wiktionary."vote."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vote • Wikipedia."voter turnout."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voter%20turnout • Boundless Learning."Boundless."CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//sociology/definition/socioeconomic-status • Saylor."POLSC231: Introduction to American Politics « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors."CC BY-SAhttp://www.saylor.org/courses/polsc231/?ismissing=0&resourcetype=1 • Wikipedia."Voter turnout."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voter_turnout • Wikipedia."voter suppression."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voter%20suppression • Wikipedia."voter fatigue."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voter%20fatigue • Wikipedia."Voter turnout."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voter_turnout Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  46. Political Participation and Voting • Wikipedia."Voter suppression."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voter_suppression • Wikipedia."Voter fatigue."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voter_fatigue • Wiktionary."suffrage."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suffrage • Wiktionary."bloc."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bloc • Wikipedia."Theories of political behavior."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_political_behavior • Wikipedia."Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Politics in the United States. September 18, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m42916/latest/ • Wiktionary."disenfranchisement."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/disenfranchisement • United States Department of Justice."Civil Rights Division Home Page."Public domainhttp://www.justice.gov/crt/about/vot/sec_203/activ_203.php • Wikipedia."Theories of political behavior."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_political_behavior • Wikipedia."Voting Rights Act."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act • OpenStax CNX."Ruth Dunn, Asian Americans. September 18, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m34082/latest/ • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Politics in the United States. September 18, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m42916/latest/ • Wikipedia."Fifteenth Amendment."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifteenth%20Amendment • Wiktionary."disenfranchise."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/disenfranchise • Wikipedia."Jim Crow."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Crow • Wikipedia."Disfranchisement after Reconstruction era."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disfranchisement_after_Reconstruction_era • Wikipedia."Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution • Wikipedia."Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  47. Political Participation and Voting • Wikipedia."Voting Rights Act."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Politics in the United States. September 18, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m42916/latest/ • Wikipedia."African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968)."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1955%E2%80%931968) • Wikipedia."Theories of political behavior."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_political_behavior Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

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