Plan for Today:

1. Plan for Today: Remaining theories’ approaches to globalization: Marxism and feminism. Will international politics fundamentally change in future?

2. Marxism • Globalization intentionally built, not natural process (although may be inevitable “course of history”). • Capitalist developed states created system and ideology to legitimate rules as “neutral”/ “fair.” • Free trade regime only created after developed states built strong capitalist industries – earlier protectionist.

3. Marxism • Future development predictions: • Classical Marxists: Crisis of overproduction and eventual world proletarian revolution. • Looser, more reformist Marxism: Popular pressure from exploited countries and global civil society  “responsible global capitalism” (Dunning).

4. Feminism • Another theory that focuses on harmful outcomes of globalization. • Globalization as devaluing feminized areas of life that affect women primarily. • Feminist/ Marxist criticism of globalized capitalist economy.

5. “Bad” Globalization • No IR “paradigm” that emphasizes “bad” globalization: transnationalized diseases, crime, extremist movements, etc. • However, some scholars beginning to focus on this (e.g., Naim reading).

6. Summary • Theory one sees as most compelling likely based on intuitive orientation towards globalization. • If see as inevitable and largely positive: liberalism. • If see as negative process engineered by powerful actors: Marxism or feminism. • If see world as largely unchanging through history: realism.

7. Future of IR: Is the World Changing?

8. Realists • IR changed somewhat since Cold War, but not fundamentally. • Changed: Bipolar system  unipolar system. • Broader superpower goals possible. • Same: actors (states), interests (security), determinant (balance of power). • History as repeating stages in cycle (circular).

9. Liberals • More substantial changes (neoliberals less revolutionary). • Globalization  more cooperation, rise of nonstate actors. • Changes may be permanent. • History is progress (line, not a circle).

10. Constructivists • Constant change in IR due to changing norms – may create fundamental shifts. • Changes will not repeat, may or may not be progressive. • History a line, but not always happy.

11. Domestic Politics • Dynamics remain unchanged unless domestic values/ structures change within states. • Democratic peace one general argument that expects big change (due to values/ structure change). • History may be a line, but likely weak slope.

12. Example of Domestic Politics Approach (sort of)Huntington • Conflict in future not between states or political ideologies; instead between cultures or civilizations. • Civilizations do not change, but relevant civilizations in global politics have expanded beyond West. • Elements of domestic politics and realist approaches.

13. Example of Domestic Politics/ Liberal expectationsFukuyama • Triumph of liberalism (capitalism & liberal democracy) over all ideological competitors  no more conflict, end of history. • Past major competitors: fascism & communism. • Potential minor future competitors: religious fundamentalism & nationalism.

14. Marxism • World changing: capitalist expansion & consolidation. • Eventual crisis of overproduction, revolution by impoverished, system collapse. • Possible reform to prevent revolution. • History a line of progressive stages, not circle.

15. Feminism • World largely unchanging: exploitation and devaluing of women/ feminine remains constant. • Only the forms of exploitation change. • History simply oscillates around a point.

16. Summary Minor Change • Realism • Domestic Politics & Decisionmaking • Feminism Major Change • Liberalism • Constructivism • Marxism