Physics

1. Introduction Physics

2. What is Physics? • Most Basic of all Science.

3. What is Physics? 1) Attempts to describe the organization of the immediate environment the world the universe This includes all matter and energy

4. What is Physics? 2) Attempts to understand the natural laws that govern the world and the universe

5. What is Physics? 3) Offer processes that identify, understand, and apply these natural laws

6. Learning Physics • Physics is learned by

7. Learning Physics • Physics is learned by • Observing

8. Learning Physics • Physics is learned by • Observing • Asking questions (inquiry)

9. Learning Physics • Physics is learned by • Observing • Asking questions (inquiry) • Forming hypothesis that might answer these questions

10. Learning Physics • Physics is learned by • Observing • Asking questions (inquiry) • Forming hypothesis that might answer these questions • Performing experiments to prove or disprove the experiments

11. Learning Physics • Physics is learned by • Observing • Asking questions (inquiry) • Forming hypothesis that might answer these questions • Performing experiments to prove or disprove the experiments • Publish your findings and your experimental results

12. Learning Physics • Release a ball from your hand

13. Learning Physics • Release a ball from your hand 1) Observation

14. Learning Physics • Release a ball from your hand 1) Observation 2) Question ( Inquiry)

15. Learning Physics • Release a ball from your hand 1) Observation 2) Question (Inquiry) 3) Hypothesis

16. Learning Physics • Release a ball from your hand 1) Observation 2) Question (Inquiry) 3) Hypothesis 4) Experimental evidence to support hypothesis

17. Learning Physics • Release a ball from your hand 1) Observation 2) Question (Inquiry) 3) Hypothesis 4) Experimental evidence to support hypothesis 5) Publish your results

18. Learning Physics • Ask a question

19. Learning Physics • Ask a question • Why does it take more force to move heavier objects?

20. Matter What is matter?

21. Matter What is matter? Something that has mass

22. Matter 1. Why does the motion of matter change? 2. Why does matter move? 3. How does matter interact with energy? 4. How does matter interact with matter? 5. Why does matter have charge?

23. Matter 1. Why does the motion of matter change? • Contact force • Force fields 2. Why does matter move? • Contact force • Force fields 3. How does matter interact with energy? 4. How does matter interact with matter? 5. Why does matter have charge?

24. Matter 1. Why does the motion of matter change? • Contact force • Force fields 2. Why does matter move? • Contact force • Force fields 3. How does matter interact with energy? • heat up, cool down • give off light, absorb light • reflect energy • transmit energy • bend light waves 4. How does matter interact with matter? 5. Why does matter have charge?

25. Matter 1. Why does the motion of matter change? • Contact force • Force fields 2. Why does matter move? • Contact force • Force fields 3. How does matter interact with energy? • heat up, cool down • give off light, absorb light • reflect energy • transmit energy • bend light waves 4. How does matter interact with matter? • collisions 5. Why does matter have charge? • Imbalance between the number of electrons and protons

26. Matter 1. Why does the motion of matter change? • Contact force • Force fields 2. Why does matter move? • Contact force • Force fields 3. How does matter interact with energy? • heat up, cool down • give off light, absorb light • reflect energy • transmit energy • bend light waves 4. How does matter interact with matter? • collisions 5. Why does matter have charge?

27. Matter 1. Why does the motion of matter change? • Contact force • Force fields 2. Why does matter move? • Contact force • Force fields 3. How does matter interact with energy? • heat up, cool down • give off light, absorb light • reflect energy • transmit energy • bend light waves 4. How does matter interact with matter? • collisions 5. Why does matter have charge?

28. The Structure of Matter • mass • Why does mass of an object vary with: • size • density • relative density • buoyancy • charge • positive • negative • neutral • atomic structure • nucleus • electrons

29. Physics attempts to bring order to our observations by using the scientific method • Make an observation. • Form a testable hypothesis • Test the hypothesis • Form a conclusion • Hypothesis rejected • Hypothesis is modified and retested • Hypothesis is accepted • Publish the hypothesis for others to test If the hypothesis is generally accepted it becomes a THEORY

30. example of flawed scientific method

31. Motion Repositioning of an object from one location to another location

32. Motion Aristotle (384-322 BC) His hypothesis on natural state of an objects motion on earth Observation: Never observed an object in motion on earth that did not eventually slow and stop Hypothesis • Natural state of motion for an object on earth was to be at rest

33. Motion Aristotle (384-322 BC) His hypothesis on natural state of an objects motion on earth Observation: Never observed an object in motion on earth that did not eventually slow and stop Hypothesis • Natural state of motion for an object on earth was to be at rest Was this a reasonable hypothesis?

34. Motion Aristotle (384-322 BC) His hypothesis on natural state of an objects motion on earth Observation: Never observed an object in motion on earth that did not eventually slow and stop Hypothesis • Natural state of motion for an object on earth was to be at rest Was this a reasonable hypothesis? Maybe, but he never tested his hypothesis.

35. Motion Repositioningof an object from one location to another location Aristotle (384-322 BC) His hypothesis on natural state of an objects motion on earth Observation: Never observed an object in motion on earth that did not eventually slow and stop Hypothesis • Natural state of motion for an object on earth was to be at rest Was this a reasonable hypothesis? Maybe, but he never tested his hypothesis. • THERFORE this was NOT a reasonable hypothesis

36. Proper Application of Scientific Method

37. Motion Galileo (1664-1642 AD) His hypothesis on natural state of an object’s motion on earth Observation: objects changed velocity at different rates depending on friction Hypothesis: object will move with a constant speed and direction unless interfered with by an unbalanced force

38. Motion Galileo (1664-1642 AD) His hypothesis on natural state of an objects motion on earth Observation: objects changed speed at different rates depending on friction Hypothesis: object will move with a constant speed and direction unless interfered with by an unbalanced force Tested his hypothesis by rolling marbles along surfaces of varying friction

39. Motion Galileo (1664-1642 AD) His hypothesis on natural state of an objects motion on earth Observation: objects changed speed at different rates depending on friction Hypothesis: object will move with a constant speed and direction unless interfered with by an unbalanced force Tested his hypothesis by rolling marbles along low friction surfaces Found speed varied inversely with friction

40. Motion Galileo (1664-1642 AD) His hypothesis on natural state of an objects motion on earth Observation: objects changed speed at different rates depending on friction Hypothesis: object will move with a constant speed and direction unless interfered with by an unbalanced force Tested his hypothesis by rolling marbles along low friction surfaces Found speed and direction varied inversely with friction This lead directly to Isaac Newton’s 1st Law of Motion

41. 2nd Example of Early Proper Application of Scientific Method

42. Geocentric Universe Earth centered universe Observations all stars, planets and sun appeared to revolve around earth

43. Geocentric Universe Earth centered universe Observations all stars, planets and sun appeared to revolve around earth More accurate observations showed that this hypothesis did not support all observations

44. Geocentric Universe More accurate observation should that this hypothesis did not support all observations • Retrograde motion of planets • Moon like phases of planet Venus

45. Geocentric Universe More accurate observation should that this hypothesis did not support all observations • Retrograde motion of planets • Moon like phases of planet Venus • This gave rise to helios-centered universe

46. Helios-Centered Universe • Further observations found this to be flawed

47. Helios-Centered Universe • Further observations found this to be flawed • Ultimately lead to current hypothesis of the Big Bang Theory • Evidence • Red shift

48. Other Ideas and Observations that lead to scientific discoveries 1. Biology: twitching frog leg that introduced role of potential difference (voltage) in muscle contraction 2. Leonardo da Vinci: imagined and formulated the forces involved in the Roman arch 3.Interaction of nuclear forces inside of an atom

49. Models, Theories, & Laws • model Is an imagined explanation of a phenomena. It is often a comparison to something we are familiar with. Gives an approximate mental picture of what we can not see actually happening.

50. Models, Theories, & Laws • model Is an imagined explanation of a phenomena. It is often a comparison to something we are familiar with. Gives an approximate mental picture of what we can not see actually happening. Example: light waves, can make many comparisons to water waves