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Software Engineering Project Fundamentals with UML and Networking

Learn about TCP, UDP, DNS, socket programming, Java network programming, UML diagrams, and more. Understand project specifications and software design concepts.

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Software Engineering Project Fundamentals with UML and Networking

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  1. Software Engineering 3156 Fall 2001 Section 1 24-Sep-01 #5: Project, OOA, UML Phil Gross

  2. Administrivia • Recitation looking like Friday 10am • Anyone planning to use C++? • Project is here 2

  3. Project Stuff • Going over it in class • Will be mutating during the next week • Have three weeks to do specification 3

  4. TCP • One of the protocols on top of IP • Quite popular, but not popular enough to call the whole shebang TCP/IP • Packets will be delivered reliably, once, in order • Will request retransmissions if packets are dropped • Supports multiple recipients per machine with idea of “port” 4

  5. UDP • Alias datagrams • Adds ports to IP, but nothing else • I.e. totally unreliable, packets may be delivered out of order, not at all, multiply, etc. • Used for real-time data 5

  6. Services Listening On Ports • Servers have programs running in the background, waiting for connections on a particluar port • Telnet on 23 • FTP on 21 • Mail (SMTP) on 25 • HTTP on 80 • Many more 6

  7. RFCs • Define entire structure of Internet • Collection of publicly available documents • www.faqs.org/rfcs 7

  8. DNS / nslookup • IP only understands 4-byte address • Has no understanding of www.columbia.edu • DNS (Domain Name System) is an amazing distributed database • Translates names to numbers, globally 8

  9. Socket Programming • Basic client (java.net.*) • http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/networking/sockets/readingWriting.html • Open a socket to destination machine • Get Input and Output streams from socket • Read and write • Close streams, then sockets 9

  10. Socket Programming II • Basic Server • Listen on a port • Call accept • You will sleep until a connection happens • Then you will have a socket • http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/networking/sockets/clientServer.html 10

  11. Java Network Programming • Makes networking extremely easy • One of the reasons why Java was hyped so hard in the early days • Turn that stream into an ObjectOutputStream and send objects across the network • C++ much trickier • ACE Framework helps 11

  12. Specifications • UML diagrams • Use case diagrams; • Class diagrams; • Sequence diagrams; • For AI teams, state diagrams. 12

  13. Use Case Diagrams • Neither Janak nor I like these much • The idea is necessary • Silly little stick-figure diagrams less so 13

  14. Class Diagram • The “guts”of UML • Show static class relationships • Generalization = inheritance • Classes, Attributes, and Operations 14

  15. Other Attributes • Association = “has a” • Have multiplicities • And, by extension, mandatory/optional • Can also have role name • Navigability • Constraints/contracts • Composition 15

  16. Sequence Diagrams • Show lifetime of objects • And their interaction • “lifelines” arranged vertically • Same info as collaboration diagram • Has numeric annotations on static diagram 16

  17. State Diagrams • Sloppy FSMs • States, transitions between them • Formal FSM: set of states, set of transitions, transition functions from (state, transition) to new state, set of initial states, set of final or accepting states 17

  18. OOA 1 • Noun extraction • Stepwise refinement of description • Extract nouns • Abstract nouns are often attributes • Rest of nouns are candidates to be classes • Verbs usually become events or actions 18

  19. Event Model • Publishers and Subscribers • Usually implies asynchronous • synchronous is RPC • Reliable or unreliable • Broadcast or multicast 19

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