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Land use: the competition between agriculture and other human activities

Land use: the competition between agriculture and other human activities. Mr. Andrea Sisti , Italy President , Consiglio dell'Ordine Nazionale dei dottori agronomi e dottori forestali (CONAF). Introduction.

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Land use: the competition between agriculture and other human activities

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  1. Land use: the competitionbetweenagriculture and other human activities Mr. Andrea Sisti , Italy President, Consiglio dell'Ordine Nazionale dei dottori agronomi e dottori forestali (CONAF)

  2. Introduction

  3. Of the fivemillionhectares, for naturalreasons, only 1.6 millionhectares can be usedassurfaces on which to cultivatecereals, maize, vegetables, potatoes, rice, etc. The remainingacres, or approximately 3.4 billion, to be usedasmeadows, pastures, meadows or steppes. Globally the UAA, in the form of meadows and areasplanted, isapproximatelyfivebillionhectares. Suchareascannot be furtherextendedwithouttillforests or reclaimwetlands or swamps.

  4. For climate and biodiversityissues, theseoptions are notviablealternatives. The problemisaggravatedbecauseglobally, weloseapproximatelyonebillioneveryyear due to UAA salinisation, erosion or water shortage.

  5. In fact, next to almostonebillionundernourishedpeoplewhoneed more food, there's more thanonebillionpeoplesuffering from excessweight and cause high healthcosts. The world'spopulationincreases to 75 millionpeople per year, a figure thatcorresponds to the total of the Germanpopulation. Thesepeopleneed to be able to eatthem, too, with the necessaryresources, suchas the usefulagricultural area (UAA) or water, are limited.

  6. Ashappened to usduring the 20th century, today in Asia are more and more peoplewho, thanks to the growingpurchasingpower, can afford to eatmeat. Depending on the system, to produce one calorie of animalorigin are, in fact, neededtwo to eightcalories from the production of vegetableorigin. Or to produce onekilogram of wheatrequires 1 ' 000 litres of water to produce onekilogram of beef do youneed 15 ' 000. Also the balance of greenhouse gas emissions of the fleshisgenerallyunfavorablycompared with that of products of plantorigin.

  7. The theme Ithasdeveloped a new phenomenonwhichisthat of competition in the use of soils: for food; For livestock; for the agro-agro-industrial; finallysubtracted from urbanization. Crisisfactors can be substantialifyoudon'testablishsharedprincipleswhenusingpriority in using the soil. The phenomenon of competition in the use of soilshas a strategicimportance.

  8. Restrict livestock use of the soil

  9. Asidefrom the factthatbiologicallyhumansis an omnivorousanimal, and then, in biologicalevolutionfeeds in mixed mode, notallpurelyregimes do register a flora ecobalancebetter (seeCarlson-Kanyama, 1998). From the ecologicalpoint of view, the allegedrespectivelyagronomicsisinadequate. Since, asmentioned, more thantwo-thirds of the surfaceusable for agriculture must be used for ecologicalpurposesasPrairies, animals are neededwho are able to transform the plantmaterial in the form of grass, grasssilage or hay. The man isnotable to transformthisplantmaterial. Cows, goats, sheep, camels, yak and water buffalo can however use thisroughage and produce milk and meat, preciousfoods, butalsovaluableleather and wool.

  10. Ifyouwithdraw from thisnutritionalpotential, the food situation of the world'spopulationwould be more thanprecarious. On the onehand, itisthereforeessential, from the ethicalpoint of view, take advantage of the green areas of ourplanet with the animalstheyeatroughage. Secondly, with thismeatconsumptionas a product of luxuryisnotethicallyjustified. In fact, if the animalstheyeatroughagebecomedirect competitors for that man comes to power, the balance tips in favour of livestock production. Asalways in nature, itaimsat a maximum optimization. At least the sameamount of products of animaloriginobtained from the exploitation of meadows and pastures, shouldfall in the configuration of man'srations.

  11. Limit the use of «agro-energy» soil

  12. Until 2025 and beyondisexpected to furtherincrease in demandvegetablerawmaterials for the production of agrofuels. Thisphenomenonwill be much more relevant with the progression of global growth and the replacement of fossilfuel with biofuels. An aggravatingcircumstanceisalsorepresented by the factthatclimatechangewill test the adaptability of agricultural production worldwide.

  13. Limit the use of «agrochemical»soil

  14. Until 2025 and beyondisexpected to furtherincrease in demandvegetablerawmaterials for industrial processreplacement of syntheticproducts (green chemistry). Thisphenomenonwill be much more important with the development of eco-sustainabledevelopment to facilitate industrial processeswhichmay be within the biologicalcycles of the naturalenvironment.

  15. Limitingsoilsealing

  16. Over the next 15 yearsitisexpected a furtherdepletion of naturalresources. Followingthe growth of world population and development of settlements by 2025 itisassumedthatwill be lostas a result of waterproofing, from 30 to 40 millionhectares of farmland. Sincemost of the city isbuilt in fertile areas (coastal, mouth of rivers) the major needs of surfaceswill be at the expense of the landgrowgoodquality. The World Bankalsobelievesthateveryyearwill be lost by 5 to 10 millionhectares of land to grow due to the strong degradation. Accordingto estimates from FAO and OECD, itwill be possible to allocate to agriculture more 500 millionhectares of agriculturalland. However, thiswillrequireconsiderableinvestment and yields of suchareas are belowaverage. Itisconceivable, therefore, that over the next 15 yearswill be for agriculture over 100 millionhectares, corresponding to about 7 per cent of agriculturallandismanagedglobally

  17. Conclusionsand Proposals

  18. Itisthereforenecessary to establishskills and strategiesaimedatoptimizing the use of resourcestending to decrease in intensity of use of soil and water with simultaneousimprovement in the percentage of use of goodsproduced. In essenceif from a hectare of retracts 8 t of wheatthis in itssupplychainprocessmakes for human consumptionifthey are using the 55% the restisdiscarded. Needto programbetter and manage the gap from the outset. Sincenaturalresources are limited, you must make more progress in resourceefficiency in agriculture and foodsectors. Order the productivechains on a global scale, and thenbring the process on a local scale meanspreserving the use of soil and water use.

  19. Thismeans, for example, that by the samesurface can be producedwhenfood and energy or green chemistry or animalfeed. To do thisyou must invest more resources in research, innovation and advice. Needto developknowledge networks to improve the preparation of agronomists and constitute a world observersprofessionals on the use of soil and water resources. The AMIA would take on this task. Thistoolwouldallowour society to urge countries to orienttheiragriculturalpolicies on the concept of bio-economy: thatdoesn'tmeanotherthatmultifunctionality of land use and production chains.

  20. Thanks for yourattention

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