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Holodomor

Historical Outline (2) Citizenship & Identity (20) Ukrainian Nationalism (22) Soviet and Russian Nationalism (37) Foreign Policy (46) Globalization (48) Liberalism (50) Historical Controversy (56). Holodomor. Historical Outline. Russian Empire late to industrialization

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Holodomor

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  1. Historical Outline (2) • Citizenship & Identity (20) • Ukrainian Nationalism (22) • Soviet and Russian Nationalism (37) • Foreign Policy (46) • Globalization (48) • Liberalism (50) • Historical Controversy (56) Holodomor

  2. Historical Outline

  3. Russian Empire • late to industrialization • late to democratic reform • citizens lacked rights enjoyed by most Europeans Russian Empire

  4. Czar Nicholas II • Russia not prepared for WWI • problems on the front • food riots broke out in the cities • forced to abdicate in early 1917

  5. Bolsheviks and Lenin • overthrow provisional government and take control in November 1917

  6. Civil War • fighting takes place across the country against many groups opposed to Bolsheviks • Bolsheviks ultimately win and consolidate power

  7. War Communism and Famine • no private property,  • nationalization of all industry,  • rationing of food  • government monopoly on foreign trade. • War Communism & severe drought lead to 10 million deaths

  8. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) • created in 1922 • Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainian SSR) was one of the founding Republics

  9. New Economic Policy • introduced by Lenin to rejuvenate the economy • embraced by many in Ukraine

  10. Joseph Stalin • ruled the Soviet Union 1928 - 1953 • rejected the NEP • Stalinism was characterized by terror and totalitarian rule

  11. Five Year Plans • organized the economy • peasants forced to give up land and join collective farms • goal was to quickly industrialize • needed to sell grain to buy parts

  12. Peasants Reject Collectivization • many burn their crops and livestock rather than hand them over 

  13. Kulaks • Kulaks were the most successful farmers under the New Economic Policy • Bolsheviks knew they would be the strongest opponents of collectivization • They were 'eliminated' as a social class 

  14. Attack on Peasants • those resisting collectivization are persecuted • Kulaks are arrested, exiled, sent to prison, tortured or killed

  15. Great Depression 1930s • hardship around the world • wheat prices to drop  • lower prices affected the first Five Year Plan • government increased quotas

  16. Food Becomes State Property • On August 7, 1932 a law came into force that stipulated that all food was state property • peasants unable to meet quotas were stripped of all foodstuffs

  17. Starving Peasants • forbidden to take food from the field • forbidden to flee the region or leave the country • shot for looking for food

  18. Ukrainian Cities • also saw famine as rations were cut off to many parts of the country • urban workers were encouraged to see themselves as the leaders the revolution

  19. Death By Famine • By 1933, 25,000 were starving to death per day. Diseases were spreading  • incidents of cannibalism  • almost no one outside Ukrainian SSR knew

  20. Citizenship and Identity

  21. Citizenship and Identity

  22. Ukrainian Nationalism

  23. Kieven Rus’ • first Eastern Slavic state, Kievan Rus’ • late 9th to mid 13th centuries

  24. Cossacks • large influence on Ukrainian culture • Bohdan Khmelnytsky was a famous Cossack who tried to unite Ukrainians

  25. Taras Shevchenko • a writer and artist who lived in the 1800s • helped form Ukrainian national consciousness • inspired revival of Ukrainian culture. • called for more autonomy for the regions  • served time in jail for his beliefs.   • Today he has become an almost iconic figure

  26. Divided People • Prior to World War I, the area that is now Ukrainian Republic was divided between the Russian and Austro-Hungarian Empires • Successor States after the war did not include Ukraine

  27. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) • created in 1922 • Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainian SSR) was one of the founding Republics

  28. The Polish–Ukrainian War • 1918 and 1919  • played a role in the development of Ukrainian nationalism • Ukraine was defeated • deepened feelings of patriotism  • Eastern Galicia later became part of Ukrainian SSR and remains a part of the Ukrainian Republic today.

  29. Expressions of Ukrainian National Culture • were allowed under the policy of Korenization until 1930

  30. Ukrainian National Orthodox Church • important national symbol for Ukrainians • Created in the 1920s • Allowed to flourish to undermine Russian Orthodox Church

  31. Stalin reverses Korenization • state identifies Ukrainian bourgeois nationalism as major problem

  32. End of the Soviet Union • Fifteen new countries created when Soviet Union disbanded at the end of 1991 • Ukraine becomes independent nation-state

  33. Challenges of Independence • Orange Revolution in 2004-2005

  34. Relationship to Russia • Ukrainians struggle to define their relationship with Russia

  35. Ukraine Today • Orthodox Christianity  • Eastern Catholicism • Both important influence on culture

  36. Ukrainian Cultural Practices • food preparation • embroidery • weaving • songs • stories • lace-making • pysanky • dance • music • "Razomnasbahato, nas ne podolaty"

  37. Russian and Soviet Nationalism/Ultra Nationalism and Ukraine

  38. What is Ultranationalism? • authoritarian organizations/governments • anti-immigrant • scapegoating • indoctrination • propaganda

  39. Russian Empire • Romanov Dynasty • Orthodox Church • Russification promoted Russian Culture throughout the empire

  40. Russian Empire

  41. Communism and Internationalism • the new Soviet government was united by ideology not ethnicity

  42. Communism as basis for National Identity • Bolsheviks though communism would spread around the world

  43. Sovietization • led to Russians taking important positions • elimination of any threats to government

  44. Ukraine and Russia • a challenging relationship

  45. Ukrainian SSR • lacked power • lacked influence

  46. Foreign Policy • the actions a nation takes in relation to other nation-states or international organizations

  47. The Holodomor and Foreign Policy • What policies should Canada and/or the international community have changed?  • Could actions have been taken to prevent or lessen the effects of the Holodomor?   • What principles should we follow in creating our foreign policies?  • Does humanitarianism trump national sovereignty in the international system?  • Is there a point at which the international community should intervene in the affairs of another country?   • Who should make these decisions?

  48. Globalization

  49. Globalization  • the process by which the world’s citizens are becoming increasingly connected and interdependent • Bolsheviks tried to increase connectivity & interdependence among people of the Soviet Union

  50. Principles of Liberalism • freedom • equal rights • liberaldemocracy • liberal democracy • free and fair elections • human rights • capitalism • free trade • freedom of religion

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