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Understanding Soil Composition: Sand, Silt, and Clay in Agriculture

This lesson explores the fundamental components of soil: sand, silt, and clay. Students will learn about the sizes and characteristics of these mineral particles, and how soil texture and structure influence soil functions in agricultural production. The session will begin with bellwork questions to engage students about the importance of soil types and their effects on agriculture. Additionally, the lesson will cover the soil triangle and various soil textures, helping students grasp how these factors contribute to plant growth and soil management.

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Understanding Soil Composition: Sand, Silt, and Clay in Agriculture

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  1. CASE 4.2.1Getting the Feel for Soil

  2. Wednesday, 9/26/12:Getting the Feel for Soil • Objectives: • Sand, silt, and clay are three sizes of mineral particles that comprise soil texture. • Soil structure and soil texture are elements that affect soil function. • Bellwork: • What are the 3 mineral particles that make up soil? • How can soil type effect ag production?

  3. Soil Textures • Refers to the sizes of individual soil particles, OR the fineness or coarseness of soil. • 3 Soil Particles: • Sand • Silt • Clay

  4. Sand • The larger particles in soil • Can be seen with the naked eye • Infertile and lacking nutrients to grow plants • Dries out quickly

  5. Silt • Between sand and clay in particle size • Provides few nutrients for growing plants • Erodes easily • Forms a surface crust after rainfall

  6. Clay • Smallest of the soil particles • Microscopic in size • Holds soil nutrients • Holds more moisture than sand or silt • Expands and contracts depending on moisture • Dries out slowly • Becomes cloddy if not managed

  7. Soil Triangle

  8. 30% Clay 60% Silt 10% Sand Silty Clay Loam

  9. 20% Clay 40% Silt 40% Sand Loam

  10. 40% Clay 30% Silt 30% Sand • 70% Clay 10% Silt 20% Sand • 10% Clay 10% Silt 80% Sand

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