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Understanding Cell Organelles, Photosynthesis, Respiration, Osmosis, and Cell Division

Explore essential concepts in cell biology, including the functions of organelles such as the nucleus, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria. Discover the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, alongside membrane dynamics like osmosis. Learn how cells replicate through mitosis and meiosis, the role of different energy molecules, and the significance of osmotic balance. This comprehensive guide enhances understanding of key biological processes vital for life.

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Understanding Cell Organelles, Photosynthesis, Respiration, Osmosis, and Cell Division

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  1. Cells Review Questions

  2. Organelles #1 What is the function of the nucleus? Answer: Store DNA and control the cell

  3. Organelles #2 Which cell organelle packages proteins and sends them out of the cell? Answer: the Golgi Apparatus

  4. Organelles #3 Which organelle modifies proteins and sends them through the cell? Answer: the Endoplasmic Reticulum

  5. Organelles #4 Which organelles make proteins? and Where can you find them (2 places)? Answer: the ribosomes, attached to the rough ER or floating around the cell

  6. Organelles #5 What is the function of the mitochondria? Answer: to supply chemical energy (ATP) to the cell

  7. Photosynthesis #1 What does the first reaction in photosynthesis require? Answer: light energy (light-dependent reaction)

  8. Photosynthesis #2 What is the product of photosynthesis? Answer: sugar (glucose)

  9. Photosynthesis #3 Which organelle does photosynthesis? Answer: the Chloroplasts

  10. Photosynthesis #4 Which type of cells can do photosynthesis? Answer: plant cells

  11. Photosynthesis #5 What does a plant need to take in to do photosynthesis? Answer: carbon dioxide and water

  12. Cellular Respiration #1 Which organelle gets energy for the cell? Answer: the Mitochondria

  13. Cellular Respiration #2 What type of energy molecules does cellular respiration produce? Answer: ATP

  14. Cellular Respiration #3 What type of sugar do mitochondria break down to make ATP? Answer: Glucose

  15. Cellular Respiration #4 Does the Kreb’s Cycle require oxygen to happen? (Is it aerobic?) Answer: yes

  16. Cellular Respiration #5 Which process happens when there is no oxygen in the cell? (Anaerobic) Answer: Fermentation

  17. Osmosis and Membranes #1 The cell membrane allows small molecules, like water and oxygen, to pass through it. Other molecules are blocked. What is this type of membrane called? Answer: Semi-permeable

  18. Osmosis and Membranes #2 Which type of macromolecule makes up membranes? Answer: Phospholipids (lipids)

  19. Osmosis and Membranes #3 The process of water moving through a membrane to balance concentrations is called… Answer: Osmosis

  20. Osmosis and Membranes #4 What would happen to a cell full of fresh water if we put it in salt water? Answer: the water would go out of the cell and the cell would shrink

  21. Osmosis and Membranes #5 Which types of cells have membranes? Answer: Both plant and animal cells (plants also have cell walls)

  22. Mitosis and Meiosis #1 Which process do cells go through to make an identical copy of themselves? Answer: mitosis

  23. Mitosis and Meiosis #2 What do we call the daughter cells produced through meiosis? Answer: gametes or sex cells

  24. Mitosis and Meiosis #3 What do we call cells that have a two copies of each chromosome? (46 in humans) Answer: diploid

  25. Mitosis and Meiosis #4 How many chromosomes are there in a haploid human cell? Answer: 23

  26. Mitosis and Meiosis #5 In mitosis and meiosis, how many times does the DNA replicate and how many times does the cell divide? Answer: Mitosis – replicates once, divides once Meiosis – replicates once, divides twice

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