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HAZARDOUS MATERIAL REFRESHER LESSON TOPIC 1.1

HAZARDOUS MATERIAL REFRESHER LESSON TOPIC 1.1. FLAMABLE LIQUIDS. MOGAS. Has a flash point of -50 ° F ( -46 ° C). JET FUEL. JP-4 or "Jet B" fuel is a blend of gasoline and kerosene with a flash point of -10 ° F ( -23 ° C).

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HAZARDOUS MATERIAL REFRESHER LESSON TOPIC 1.1

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  1. HAZARDOUS MATERIAL REFRESHER LESSON TOPIC 1.1

  2. FLAMABLE LIQUIDS MOGAS Has a flash point of -50° F ( -46° C). JET FUEL JP-4 or "Jet B" fuel is a blend of gasoline and kerosene with a flash point of -10°F ( -23° C). JP-5or "Jet A" fuel is a kerosene grade with a flash point of 140° F (60° C). JP-8is a kerosene grade with flash point of 100° F (40°C).

  3. NOTE: ALTHOUGH THERE ARE DIFFERENCES IN THE PROPERTIES OF THE DIFFERENT FUELS NOW IN USE, UNDER CRASH-IMPACT CONDITIONS WHERE FUEL MISTS ARE CREATED, ALL OF THE FUELS ARE EASILY AND READILY IGNITABLE

  4. METHODS OF EXTINGUISHMENT (FOR FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS) • AFFF • HALON 1211 • DRY CHEMICAL • CARBON DIOXIDE

  5. MAGNESIUM Found in various aircraft components such as: Wheels and struts Rotor heads Helicopter fuselage Burns with bright white light and white smoke. Radiates intense heat. Produces its own oxygen.

  6. “Methods of Extinguishment” (For Magnesium) Water in large quantities such as high velocity fog. Isolate and allow to burn out.

  7. NOTE: WHEN WATER IS APPLIED TO MAGNESIUM THERE MAY BE SMALL EXPLOSIONS. CRASH CREWMAN SHOULD APPLY WATER FROM A SAFE DISTANCE OR BEHIND SHELTER. HALON 1211 WILL REACT VIOLENTLY WITH BURNING MAGNESIUM AND SHALL NOT BE USED

  8. LIQUID OXYGEN Oxygen systems on aircraft can present a severe hazard to firefighters during an emergency. Liquid oxygen is light blue, flows like water and is extremely cold. It boils into gaseous oxygen at -297degrees F ( -183 degrees C), With an expansion ratio of approximately 860 to 1. Although oxygen is nonflammable, it vigorously supports combustion

  9. When coming in contact with flammable or combustible materials such as wood, cloth, paper, oil, grease, or gasoline, liquid oxygen forms combustible and explosive mixtures. • Spilled liquid oxygen that mixes with a combustible material converts into a high explosive. • Procedures for fighting fires involving liquid oxygen include cutting off the flow of oxygen or fuel. • Blanketing and smothering agents are ineffective. • An effective method of stopping an oxygen leak (when the oxygen is NOT already mixed with flammable or combustible materials) is to spray the leak with water fog. • The water is rapidly converted to ice by super cold oxygen and the ice build-up forms a seal stopping the oxygen flow.

  10. Composite Materials Boron/Tungsten fibers are used in advanced aircraft such as: F-14

  11. Composite Materials Boron/Tungsten fibers are used in advanced aircraft such as: F-14 F/A-18

  12. Composite Materials Boron/Tungsten fibers are used in advanced aircraft such as: F-14 F/A-18 Carbon/Graphite fibers are used in advanced aircraft such as: F/A-18

  13. Composite Materials Boron/Tungsten fibers are used in advanced aircraft such as: F-14 F/A-18 Carbon/Graphite fibers are used in advanced aircraft such as: F/A-18 AV -8B

  14. Composite materials which are reinforced with boron/tungsten and/or carbon/graphite fibers provide superior stiffness, high strength to weight ratio, and ease of fabrication. These materials when released from their epoxy binders are exposed to the atmosphere. Carbon/graphite fibers can travel up to several miles in the atmosphere when released from its epoxy binder.

  15. Approximately 752 of will cause epoxy binders to ignite or decompose, releasing fibers to the atmosphere. Mechanical agitation, especially an explosion, can fragment the fibers and cause them to become airborne. Carbon/graphite fibers can cause difficulties to humans. Extreme caution must be used when cleaning up. Approved dust/fume respirators and eye protection should be used along with good work gloves to protect yourself from the material.

  16. WARNING: INHALATION OF COMPOSITE FIBERS RESULTING FROM AIRCRAFT FIRES AND/OR AIRCRAFT MATERIAL DAMAGE MAYBE HARMFUL TO PERSONNEL. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION SHALL BE WORN WHEN EXPOSED TO THESE POTENTIAL HAZARDS.

  17. NOTE: THE NATURE OF SHIPBOARD AIRCRAFT MISHAPS AND THE NON-AVAILABILITY OF SUCH PROTECTION MA Y PREVENT ALL SHIPBOARD FIRE-FIGHTING PERSONNEL FROM COMPLYING WITH THIS WARNING.

  18. Carbon/graphite has a high electrical conductivity and can damage unprotected electrical/electronic equipment. Boron fibers, unlike carbon graphite, are heavier and pose fewer problems to electrical equipment because they are less likely to become airborne and are much less electrically conductive. Loose boron fibers are stiff and sharp and pose handling problems.

  19. Methods of Extinguishment Approach from upwind.

  20. Methods of Extinguishment Approach from upwind. Extinguish as quickly as possible Maneuver ship to direct smoke and debris away from parked aircraft, the island structure and the ventilation inlets. • Stay clear of the smoke and of the area downwind of burning aircraft known to contain composite materials. • Provide interim containment of aircraft debris with the spray pattern of light water until debris is cool, more permanent containment is specified, or disposition is directed.

  21. “Cleanup” • Wash down with salt water, directing the residue over the side. • Cover the aircraft parts containing carbon fiber composites and tape securely. • Remove wreckage to a safe parking area. • If aircraft/equipment/clothing are doused with aircraft debris, they must be vacuumed and/or washed down prior to further use or before movement into the ship's structure.

  22. If ventilation inlets are known to be contaminated, take immediate action to ensure filtration system is properly operating. If the system is not operating properly shut down system and provide temporary filtration at outlets leading to compartments with electrical/electronics equipment. • Warn adjacent aircraft/ships that the smoke may contain hazardous electrical contaminants

  23. “Batteries” • Alkaline and Nickel cadmium batteries may experience an overheating condition resulting from internal shorting or thermal runaway, which presents a hazardous • condition to aircraft and personnel. • When an overheated battery is detected, crash crewmen should open the battery compartment, check for the following conditions, and take action as indicated. • If flame is present, use available extinguishing agent, Halon 1211, or CO2.

  24. WARNING: HALON 1211 OR CO2 IS AN ACCEPTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHING AGENT ONCE A FIRE HAS DEVELOPED. CO2 SHALL NOT BE DIRECTED INTO A BATTERY COMPARTMENT TO EFFECT COOLING OR DISPLACE EXPLOSIVE GASES. STATIC ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY THE DISCHARGE OF THE EXTINGUISHER COULD EXPLODE HYDROGEN/OXYGEN GASES TRAPPED IN THE BA TTERY COMPARTMENT .

  25. If no flame or fire, but smoke, fumes or electrolyte is being emitted from the battery or vent, use water fog to lower the battery temperature. • Following visual check and the action indicated above, the "quick disconnect“ should be removed from the battery and the battery removed from the aircraft. • Additional cooling may be accomplished with water fog.

  26. WARNING: • WHEN APPROACHING A BATTERY WHICH IS IN A THERMAL RUNAWAY CONDITION, CRASH CREWMEN SHALL BE ATTIRED IN FULL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING WITH THE EXTINGUISHING AGENT AVAILABLE FOR INSTANT USE.

  27. CAUTION: • WHEN RESPONDING TO A WHEEL FIRE, EMERGENCY CREWS SHOULD APPROACH THE WHEEL WITH EXTREME CAUTION IN A FORE OR AFT DIRECTION, NEVER FROM THE SIDE IN LINE WITH THE AXLE. PEAK TEMPERA TURES MAY NOT BE REACHED UNTIL 15 TO 20 MINUTES AFTER THE AIRCRAFT HAS COME TO A COMPLETE STOP

  28. Wheel and Brake Assemblies • Wheel grease, when ignited, shows up as long flames coming out slowly from the bottom of the wheel. Wheel grease fires are usually small but should be attacked • quickly with Halon 1211/water fog in large volume. • Rubber from the tires may ignite at temperatures from 500° F (260° C) to 600° F (316° C) and can develop an extremely hot and destructive fire. Halon 1211/water • fog in large volume should be used at the earliest possible moment to extinguish the fire.

  29. WARNING: • AIRCRAFT WITH BERYLLIUM BRAKES MAY PRODUCE IRRITATING OR POISONOUS GASES WHEN INVOLVED IN A FIRE. THESE GASES ARE TOXIC RESPIRATORY POISONS AND EYE IRRITANTS.

  30. Hypergolics and Oxidizers Hypergolics are used as propellants for rockets and missiles. Sealed in tanks in missile engines. Hypergolic mixtures, when in contact with oil or aviation fuel may ignite. When hypergolics are mixed, an immediate fire will result.

  31. WARNING: FUMES AND SMOKE ARE HIGHLY TOXIC.

  32. Oxidizers will cause severe burns to body tissue and eyes. If contact is made with either, flush immediately with large quantities of water . If fumes are inhaled, seek immediate medical attention. Personnel likely to be exposed to liquids or fumes must wear appropriate breathing apparatus and protective clothing or remain up-wind of the scene. Method of extinguishment -Dilute with large amounts of water.

  33. SUMMARY AND REVIEW

  34. BREAK TIME!! INTERMISSION!!

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