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U.S. Indian Policy: 1763-1970

Set up your digital EHS Cornell Notes!. Essential ?: Describe major trends in U.S. Indian policy. U.S. Indian Policy: 1763-1970. Colonial America. Since Columbus, Europeans claimed land ownership by the “doctrine of discovery.” British established “Indian Territory” west of the Appalachians.

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U.S. Indian Policy: 1763-1970

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  1. Set up your digital EHS Cornell Notes! Essential ?: Describe major trends in U.S. Indian policy. U.S. Indian Policy: 1763-1970

  2. Colonial America • Since Columbus, Europeans claimed land ownership by the “doctrine of discovery.” • British established “Indian Territory” west of the Appalachians. • Ignored by colonist who continued west. • Following Pontiac’s Rebellion, smallpox blankets were given to the Delawares during peace talks in 1763. • First use of biological warfare in American history.

  3. Early America • Over 400 treaties exchanging land for reservations, protection, and education. • Nearly every one broken. • Frontiersmen illegally squatted on designated Indian lands and introduced alcohol to the natives. • Ignoring U.S. laws.

  4. Indian Removal 1830-’45. • Pushed eastern tribes to “permanent” reservations west of the Mississippi. • Considered wards of the state.

  5. Trail of Tears 1838 • Supreme court ruled that Cherokee in Georgia had a right to stay. • A. Jackson refused to enforce the ruling. • 4,000 (1/4th of the tribe) died during the forced removal. • Seminole Wars

  6. Elimination 1866-’91 • Over 1,000 battles between the army and natives. • Wounded Knee 1890 • Last Indian War. • Sioux forced off their reservation. • 150- 300 Sioux men, women, and children died. • Why don’t we acknowledge Indian wars like WWI,WWII, Korea, etc.??? Mass grave at Wounded Knee

  7. Allotment 1887-1934 • Broke up reservations into individual plots. • Sold remaining land to Euro-Americans. • 90 million acres lost. • Done without consent by 1903. • Ended ward status/federal aid and granted citizenship. • States refused native suffrage, as done to blacks in the south.

  8. Assimilation 1880s-1920s • Forced education of native children. • Attacked all aspects of native culture. • Language, Religion, Tribalism. • Forced manual labor.

  9. Termination 1946-’70. • Paid for lost land in exchange for the end of reservations, tribal governments, and federal aid. • Encouraged natives to move to cities. • Navajos to Denver. • Led to increased poverty. • Tribes again recognized in the 70s. • Continued push for tribal self-governance.

  10. Recent History (You Do!) • Research and take notes on one of the following: • Alcatraz seizure • American Indian Movement • Second Wounded Knee • Current Native demographics • Cite your source.

  11. Questions and Summary Two Questions: • Compare U.S. Indian policy to… • Explain how___ impacted Native Americans. • Image how Native Americans… Summary: From 1763-1970, U.S. Indian policy has vacillated and evolved. However, all policies are similar in that they all… For example, the policy of ___ caused… Later, the ___ policy led to… I think…

  12. Works Cited Andrew Jackson. N.d. Graphic. TripodWeb. 2 Oct 2013. <http://cariart.tripod.com/cartoon-3.html>. Edmunds, R. David, Frederick E. Hoxie, and Neal Salisbury. The People: A History of Native America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007. Fighters Must Wash Hands. 2013. Graphic. Funny JunkWeb. 3 Sep 2013. <http://www.funnyjunk.com/funny_gifs/4500961/Fighters must wash hands/>. Hillard, Sam B. Native American Land. N.d.Infographic. Unsettling AmericaWeb. 1 Sep 2013. <http://unsettlingamerica.wordpress.com/category/cultural-genocide/page/2/>. Hoxie, Frederick E. A Final Promise: The Campaign to Assimilate the Indians, 1880-1920. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1984. How to Grow a Nose. 2013. Graphic. SlapCationWeb. 22 Aug 2013. <http://www.slapcaption.com/how-to-grow-a-nose/ Indian Removal Map. N.d. Map. Palomar CollegeWeb. 2 Oct 2013. <http://daphne.palomar.edu/ais100/cherokee.htm>. Olsen-Raymer, Gayle. "Narrative Historical Overview."American Indian Issues: An Introductory and Curricular Guide for Educators. The Wild Rivers Teaching American History Project, n.d. Web. 2 Sep 2013. <http://americanindiantah.com/overview.html>. Pinnochio. N.d. Graphic. TumblrWeb. 22 Aug 2013. <http://31.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lfzl62bcta1qehid6o1_500.gif>. Trojan Horse. N.d. Graphic. Backyard Monsters WikiWeb. 1 Sep 2013. <http://backyardmonsters.wikia.com/wiki/Trojan_Horse>. United States Department of the Interior, . Indian Land for Sale. 1911. Photograph. n.p. Web. 1 Sep 2013. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_Land_for_Sale.jpg>. Watery Eye. N.d. Graphic. Why is it...Web. 2 Oct 2013. <http://forum.projanmo.com/topic43136.html>. Wounded Knee 1891. 1891. Photograph. WikipediaWeb. 2 Oct 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Woundedknee1891.jpg>.

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