1 / 40

Unit 2.2 Physical and Chemical Properties

Unit 2.2 Physical and Chemical Properties. Objectives. Match important physical and chemical properties to their effects on the chemical and container Identify the difference between exposure and contamination Determine the appropriate DOT class of the product. Physical/Chemical Properties.

lael-murray
Télécharger la présentation

Unit 2.2 Physical and Chemical Properties

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Unit 2.2 Physical and Chemical Properties

  2. Objectives • Match important physical and chemical properties to their effects on the chemical and container • Identify the difference between exposure and contamination • Determine the appropriate DOT class of the product

  3. Physical/Chemical Properties Physical • State • Phase changes • Vapor pressure • Specific gravity • Vapor density • Solubility Chemical • Flammability • Reactivity • Toxicity • Radioactivity

  4. Common Info Sources • North American Emergency Response Guide Book (NAERG) • NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards • Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

  5. Material Safety Data Sheets • Nine basic sections • Various designs • Some of better quality

  6. Product Information

  7. Hazardous Ingredients

  8. Ceiling Amount STEL TWA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Duration (hrs) Exposure Limits

  9. Physical Data

  10. Video  Physical Properties

  11. Vapor Pressure Atmospheric Pressure 14.7 p.s.i. or 760 mm/Hg Low Vapor Pressure High Vapor Pressure

  12. Water = 1 Specific Gravity less than 1 Specific Gravity greater than 1 Water = 1 Specific Gravity

  13. Physical Properties (cont.) • Vapor density • Comparison of the weight of a vapor to that of air being assigned the value of 1 • Solubility/miscibility • The ability of a substance (solute) to blend uniformly with another (solvent) • Solubility applied to a solid in liquid • Miscibility applied to a liquid or gas in a liquid

  14. Most Common Types(Transformation must be considered) Air (A) Water (W) Surface (SF) Sub-Surface (SSF) Gas (G) G/A Liquid (L) L/W L/SF L/SSF Solid (S) S/SF Spill Types • Physical properties determine spill types

  15. Fire and Explosion Hazards

  16. FUEL (Reducing Agent) OXYGEN (Oxidizer) HEAT (Energy) The Fire Triangle

  17. Flash Point • “The temperature at which a liquid or volatile solid gives off vapors sufficient to form an ignitable mixture near the surface…” (NFPA) • Remember, volatility is a product of vapor pressure

  18. L.E.L. U.E.L. Lean Rich Range 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Flammable Range

  19. Propane 2.2 - 9.5 % 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Acetylene 2.5 - 100 % 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Examples of Flammable Range

  20. Other Flammable Hazards • Ignition temperature • Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosions (BLEVE) • Boil-over • Heavy fuels • Water in the bottom of the storage tank • Thermocline development during fire

  21. Other Flammable Hazards • Pyrophoric • Hydrophoric • Flammable solids

  22. Health Hazards

  23. Health Hazards • Routes of exposure • Local vs. systemic effects • Dose response relationship • Influences of toxicity

  24. Reactivity Hazards

  25. BASE (ALKALINE) ACID 0 7 14 2 12.5 pH and Corrosives

  26. Reactions • Rate of reactions • Quantity, concentration, temperature and pressure • Explosives • Fuel, oxidizer, energy, pressure • Incompatibilities

  27. A B 1 Acids Bases (Alkaline) 2 Metals Corrosives 3 Group 1/Hydrophoric Alcohol/Water 4 Oxidizers Reducers 5 Cyanides/Sulfides Acids EPA Table of Incompatibilities

  28. Video  Chemical Reactions

  29. Spill, Leak and Fire Control

  30. Personal Protective Equipment

  31. Special Information • Special handling • Special packaging • Disposal procedures • Environmental information

  32. Radioactive Hazards • Ionizing radiation • Common sources • Natural • Industrial • Medical • Agricultural • Special nuclear materials

  33. Types of Ionizing Radiation • Alpha particle • Beta particle • Gamma emission • X-ray • Neutron particles

  34. Radiological Exposure • Standard unit of measure • REM (Radiation Equivalence in Man) • Sv (Seivert) internationally • 1 Sv = 100 REM • 1 REM = 1,000 mREM (milli REM) • 1 mREM = 1,000 REM (micro REM)

  35. Exposure Limits • Dose vs. dose rate • Total dose = dose rate x duration • Action levels • Normal background = 8 to 16 R/hr • All actions = 5 REM (5,000 mREM) • Valuable/critical property = 10 REM (10,000 mREM) • Life saving = 25 REM (25,000 mREM) • Any greater exposure must be voluntary • TD(low) 100 REM, LD(50) 500 REM

  36. DOT Hazard Classes and Divisions

  37. Hazard Classes and Divisions 1  Explosives 1.1 - Mass detonation 1.2 - Projectile 1.3 - Fire hazard 1.4 - No blast hazard 1.5 - Blasting agent 1.6 - Very insensitive 2  Gases 2.1 - Flammable 2.2 - Non-flammable 2.3 - Poisonous 3  Flammable liquid 3.1 - Flash point over 140 °F 3.2 - Flash point less than 140 °F 4  Flammable solids 4.1 - Flammable solid 4.2 - Spontaneous/pyrophoric 4.3 - Dangerous when wet 5  Oxidizers 5.1 - Oxidizers 5.2 - Organic peroxides

  38. Hazard Classes and Divisions 6  Poisons 6.1 - Poisons 6.2 - Infectious substances 7  Radioactive 8  Corrosives 9  Miscellaneous

  39. Summary • Physical properties • Chemical properties • Common references • NAERG • NIOSH Pocket Guide • MSDS

  40. Activity 2.2 Assessing Physical and Chemical Properties

More Related