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Understanding Linux Directory Structure: Absolute and Relative Pathnames Explained

This guide provides an overview of the Linux directory structure, focusing on absolute and relative pathnames. Absolute pathnames begin with a slash (/) representing the root directory, followed by a hierarchy of directories. In contrast, relative pathnames are based on the current working directory, utilizing special symbols like dot (.) for the current directory and double dots (..) for the parent. We also compare Linux and Windows file systems, highlighting differences in directory structures and case sensitivity, and provide insights into various Linux file systems like ext2, ext3, ReiserFS, XFS, and VFAT.

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Understanding Linux Directory Structure: Absolute and Relative Pathnames Explained

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  1. TOPIC 4.0 LINUX FILE SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATION

  2. LINUX DIRECTORY STRUCTURE

  3. ABSOLUTE PATHNAME • Tells about the complete path to a certain file or directory is. • All absolute file names start with a slash because the slash indicates the root directory and then followed by the filesystem tree directory by directory. • We use the slash not only for indicating the root directory, but also for separating the directories on the path. • This is different from windows where we use a backslash for separating the directories.

  4. RELATIVE PATHNAME • It starts from the working directory. • This is why you need some special symbols for indicating the relative positions in the filesystem. • These symbols are a dot (.) and two dots (..) and they mean the working directory and the parent directory respectively.

  5. WINDOWS vs LINUX FILE SYSTEM • In Linux there is a single hierarchical directory structure. In Windows, there are typically many partitions with directories under these partitions. • In Linux, everything starts from the root directory, represented by '/', and then expands into sub-directories. In Windows, it had various partitions and then directories under those partitions • unlike Windows, Linux is case sensitive

  6. LINUX DIRECTORIES

  7. FILE SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION ext2 File systems • The ext2 or second extended filesystem • is a file system for the Linux kernel. • It was initially designed by Rémy Card as a replacement for the extended file system (ext). • ext2 was the default filesystem in Debian and Red Hat Linux

  8. FILE SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION ext3 File systems • The ext3 or third extended filesystem • is a journaled file system that is commonly used by the Linux kernel. • It is the default file system for many popular Linux distributions.

  9. FILE SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION ReiserFS File systems • is a general-purpose, journaled file system designed and implemented by a team at Namesys led by Hans Reiser. • ReiserFS is currently supported on Linux. • Introduced in version 2.4.1 of the Linux kernel • it was the first journaling file system to be included in the standard kernel. • ReiserFS is the default file system on the Elive, Xandros, Linspire, GoboLinux, SUSE and Yoper Linux distributions.

  10. FILE SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION XFS File systems • is a high-performance journaling file system created by Silicon Graphics, • originally for their IRIX operating system and later ported to the Linux kernel. • XFS is particularly proficient at handling large files and at offering smooth data transfers.

  11. FILE SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION VFAT File systems • Short for Virtual File Allocation Table, • a virtual installable files system driver used in Windows for Workgroups and Windows 95. • VFAT operates in protected mode • serves as an interface between applications and the File Allocation Table (FAT).

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