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APA (5 th ed.) Citation Style

APA (5 th ed.) Citation Style. How to create reference list entries and how to cite them a paper or report. Garth Homer Nov. 2008. Overview. purpose of a style guide standardize easier to find what you want Provide credibility somewhat arbitrary APA does not always “make sense” but ….

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APA (5 th ed.) Citation Style

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  1. APA (5th ed.) Citation Style How to create reference list entries and how to cite them a paper or report Garth Homer Nov. 2008

  2. Overview purpose of a style guide standardize easier to find what you want Provide credibility somewhat arbitrary APA does not always “make sense” but …

  3. Overview • if there is a question about how to do it, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association is the reference source • APA has a Web site that can also be useful • http://www.apastyle.org/askexpert.html

  4. CITATIONS AND REFERENCES DEFINITION: CITATIONS ARE USED WHEN FACTS OR OPINIONS ARE USED IN THE BODY OF YOUR REPORT OR RESEARCH WORK TO ADD VALIDITY. TO USE AN OPINION THAT IS NOT YOUR OWN AND NOT CITE IT CAN BE PALGERISM. REFERENCES GIVE THE DETAIL AROUND YOUR CITATIONS. ONLY CITED WORKS CAN APPEAR IN YOUR REFERENCE LIST.

  5. Structure of a reference: Periodical [paper copy] • Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. • C.(Year).Title of article.Title of • periodical,xx,yyy-yyy. includes items published on a regular basis journals, magazines, scholarly newsletters, etc. • hanging paragraph format

  6. Structure of a reference: Periodical [paper copy] • Leonard, D., & McAdam, R.(2003). • Corporate social responsibility.Quality • Progress,36,27-33.

  7. Citing a source in the paper • 1. One work by one author • Author’s name given in the body of your paper: • Leonard and McAdam reported… (2003) • Author’s name not given in the body of your paper but rather in parentheses: • In a study on the comparison process (Leonard& McAdam 2003)…

  8. Citing a source in the paper • 2. Citing a secondary source • In Smith’s 1998 study (as cited in Leonard & McAdam, 2003)… • Research (Smith, 1998, as cited in Leonard & McAdam, 2003) has shown … • Do NOT include Smith (1998) in the reference list. DO include Leonard and McAdam (2003).

  9. Citing a source in the paper • 3. Direct quotations • For direct quotations, include the page number of the quote • Stereotypes have been defined as “generalized and usually value-laden impressions that one social group uses in characterizing members of another group” (Lindgren, 2001, p. 1617).

  10. ONLINE RESOURCES

  11. Structure of a reference:Online Document

  12. Structure of a reference:Online Periodical • If you use a periodical database to get an online, full-text version of the article [HTML, PDF], you need to add some more information. • Author, A. A. (year) Title of work.Title of journal • Retrieved month, day, year from source • -ADDED INFORMATION- • Retrieved month, day, year, from source. • when YOU retrieved it

  13. Structure of a reference:Online Document • Author, A. A. (year) Title of work.Title of journal • Retrieved month, day, year from source or DOI • electronic sources include aggregated databases, Web sites or Web pages, newsgroups, Web- or e-mail based discussion groups / newsletters

  14. Online article in a database

  15. Structure of a reference:Online Periodical (NO DIGITAL IDENTIFIER) • Leeds, R.(2003).Breach of trust. • Harvard International Review,25,76- • 83.Retrieved January 9, 2004, from the • Academic Search Premier database. Citation: ( Leeds, 2003 )

  16. Online Article ( with D.O.I)

  17. Quick,J.C.(2008)Quick reaction to ‘executive dilemmas’. Consulting psychology Journal: practice and research, 60(1) 38-41.doi: 10.1037/1065-9293.60 Citation: (Quick, 2008)

  18. Structure of a reference:Online Document • MacDonald, C.(n.d.).Creating a code of ethics for your organization.Retrieved January 13, 2004, from http://www.ethicsweb.ca/codes/ • Note that this source has no date [n.d.] and that it does NOT end with a period

  19. Structure of a reference:Online Corporate Web Site • WestJet.(n.d.).Home page.Retrieved • November 8, 2008, from http://www.westjet.com

  20. Structure of a reference:DVD. • Doubletalk Productions ( Producer), & • Shepard, K. (Director).(2001).Who • stole my cheese? [DVD],United • States:Doubletake Productions.

  21. Online document

  22. Reference for a webpage Macdonald,C.(n.d.)Creating a code of ethics for your organization. Retrieved November 14, 2008, from http://www.ethicsweb.ca/codes/

  23. Citing a source in the paper • 4. Electronic sources without page numbers • Use the paragraph number, preceded by the paragraph symbol - ¶ - or the abbreviation para. If the paragraph number is not visible, cite the heading and the paragraph number following it. • (Macdonald, 2008, ¶ 5) • (Macdonald, 2008, Conclusion, para. 1)

  24. Structure of a reference and citation:Annual report • Reference: WestJet Airlines. (2002). Annual report to shareholders, Calgary, AB: Author. • Citation: (WestJet Airlines, 2002)

  25. Statistical sources Build your reference in three steps: • With the product you want to cite on your screen or in hand, follow these three steps: • Step 1. Identify the product category of the product you want to cite. • Step 2. Determine what information you need to include in your reference. • Step 3. Use your preferred style to finish your reference. • http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/12-591-XIE/2006001/build.htm

  26. Newspaper article ( no author) The age of the entrepreneur is over. (2008,September 14). The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from http://www/theglobeandmail.com

  27. Personal communications Includes interviews, phone conversations, discussions, E-mail from one individual to another (Non archived discussions) G. Homer ( personal communication, April 18, 2008)……. (B. Franklin, personal communication, July 2, 2006) NOTE: because they do not represent recoverable information they do not appear in the reference list.

  28. Conclusions • Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.) • available in the Reference Collection of Library • Individual professors may have particular preferences • consult with them on how they might want the references presented

  29. Private information Briefs,corporate documents, working papers Economic Development Commission, Kelowna. ( 2008, March) Employment levels in Kelowna by month ( working Paper 4). Kelowna, Author

  30. Prepared by Garth Homer, Librarian, business and statistics. • Okanagan College • 2008

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