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Lecturer

Faculty of Allied Medical Science. Biochemistry Of Nucleic acids. Lecturer. Outcomes:. By the end of the lecture, the students have the ability to:. 1-Recognize the structure of nucleosides and nucleotide and differentiate between them.

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Lecturer

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  1. Faculty of Allied Medical Science Biochemistry Of Nucleic acids Lecturer

  2. Outcomes: By the end of the lecture, the students have the ability to: 1-Recognize the structure of nucleosides and nucleotide and differentiate between them. 2-Identify functions of nucleosides and nucleotides. 3-Recognize the structure of DNA and RNA and differentiate between them. 4-Identify the biological importance of DNA and RNA.

  3. Nitrogenous Bases Pyrimidine Purine

  4. Pyrimidine Purine

  5. The Nitrogenous Bases Difference between Purine & Pyrimidine of Nitrogenous Base

  6. Purine Pyrimidine

  7. Difference between Ribose and Deoxyribose Deoxyribose Sugar Ribose Sugar

  8. Nucleosides are made of nitrogenous base bind to Ribose sugar.

  9. Nucleosides Nucleosides are glycosamine consisting of a nucleobase (often referred to simply base) bound to a ribose or deoxyribosesugarvia a β-glycosidic bond.

  10. Nucleotides consists of a nucleoside plus one or more phosphate groups.

  11. Nucleotides are phosphate esters of nucleosides.

  12. Common bases found in nucleic acids with corresponding nucleosides and nucleotides

  13. Purine bases (adenine, guanine and hypoxanthine) Nucleosides are then formed by the addition of sugar moieties (deoxyribose or ribose) nucleotides are then formed by the addition of phosphate (mono-, di- and triphosphate)

  14. FUNCTIONS of Nucleotides • Forming a Adenosine 5′-triphosphates ATP is central to energy metabolism, energy stores. • portion of several important coenzymes such as NAD+, NADP+, FAD and co A. • Activated intermediates in numerous biosynthetic reactions, as Sulfate donor (PAPS) in lipids synthesis. Methyl donor (SAM) in glycoprotein synthesis. • Cyclic nucleotides are 2nd messenger and regulators of many cellular metabolism. • GTP drives protein synthesis • CTP drives lipid synthesis • UTP drives carbohydrate metabolism

  15. ATP Adenosine tri-phosphate energy source for many reactions in living organisms.

  16. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD+ Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) are two important coenzymes found in cells. It acts as a coenzyme in redox reactions. nicotinamide adenine A group of enzymes used NAD+ to remove acetyl groups from proteins. as a donor of ADP-ribose moieties in ADP-ribosylation reaction precursor of the second messenger molecule cyclic ADP-ribose

  17. SAM PAPS S-adenosylmethionine Phosphoadenosine-phosphosulfate Sulfate donor Methyl donor Adenine-ribose-phosphate-sulfate Adenine-ribose-methionine

  18. UDP Biosynthesis of Glycogen Biosynthesis of glycoprotein Conjugaton with bilirubin and some drugs as Aspirin

  19. CTP Biosynthesis of phosphoglycerides,sphingosine, sphingomyelin. OH

  20. TTP Thymidine tri-phosphate Marker for DNA

  21. 2nd messengers in many signal transduction cGMP cAMP

  22. They are polymers of nucleotides. NUCLEIC ACIDS They carry genetic informaton or form structures within cells. They are usually either single-stranded or double-stranded. They are built from three components, nitrogenous bases (purines and pyrimidines) 5-carbon sugars (Ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) phosphate groups. two types of nucleic acid in living organisms, DNA deoxyribonucleic acid RNA ribonucleic acid.

  23. Forms of Nucleic acids single stranded Two-stranded double helix RNA DNA

  24. Primary Structure OF RNA

  25. FunctionS of RNA • Messenger RNA (mRNA) • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) • Transfer RNA (tRNA) • Small nuclear RNA (sn RNA)

  26. Structure of DNA • Double helix • The bases occupy the core of helix • Sugar –phosphate run along periphery. • Complementary base pairing ( G binds C) • (A binds T) • The length of DNA is measured by bp and Kb. • The two strand run anti-parallel.

  27. Bases of DNA Cytosine Guanine Thymine Adenine

  28. The structure of DNA is a double-stranded, antiparallel helix

  29. FUNCTIONS of Nucleic acids -Carrying the genetic information for all biological functions of the cell e.g protein synthesis and metabolism.

  30. Suggesting readings Principles of Biochemistry, Donald J. Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. pratt, 3rded.,p 40-45.

  31. ASSIGNMENTs The students are requested to prepare slides about the following topics:

  32. Study Question • Write three points about : • i-Function of nucleotides • 1- • 2- • 3- • Correct the incorrect word: • Nucleosides are made from a ring of nitrogen, carbon and oxygen atoms together with a six-carbon sugar. • DNA is polymer of nucleotides and contains ribose sugar.

  33. Choose: 2- DNA is polymer of • a-Nucleoside • b-Nucleotides • c-Nitrogenous base 1-Nucleotide consists of • a-Sugar+ Nitrogenous base+phosphate group • B- Nitrogenous base+phosphate group. • C- Sugar+ Nitrogenous base

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