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The Rise of Nationalism: Joan of Arc and the Turbulent Era of the 15th Century

This overview explores significant events from the 100 Years' War, the War of the Roses, and the emergence of Spain and Russia during the 15th century. Joan of Arc's pivotal role in inspiring French nationalism is highlighted, culminating in her tragic execution. The end of the 100 Years' War, England's internal strife in the War of the Roses, and the formation of a unified Spain under Ferdinand and Isabella are detailed. Additionally, the decline of the Catholic Church's influence amid rising monarchies is examined, reflecting profound societal changes.

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The Rise of Nationalism: Joan of Arc and the Turbulent Era of the 15th Century

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  1. Ch. 4 Sec. 2 Notes continued * 100 Years War * War of the Roses * Emergence of Spain * Emergence of Russia * Catholic Church Starts to become Troubled

  2. 100 Years War Cont. Joan of Arc • She brought inspiration and a sense of national identity and self-confidence. • With her aid, the king was crowned at Reims [ending the “disinheritance”]. • She was captured during an attack on Paris and fell into English hands. • Because of her “unnatural dress” and claim to divine guidance, she was condemned and burned as a heretic in 1432 • She instantly became a symbol of French resistance.

  3. 100 Years War Cont. • The End of the War • Despite Joan’s capture, the French advance continued. • By 1450 the English had lost all their major centers except Calais. • In 1453 the French armies captured an English-held fortress. • This was the last battle of the war. • There was not treaty, only a cessation of hostilities. • France Becomes Unified!

  4. War of the Roses = England • 1455 = War of the Roses (lasted 30 years) Lancaster’s Vs. York’s • Beginning = Edward IV (Y) winning

  5. War of the Roses = England • Ed IV died and Richard III locked his sons in a tower and killed them • Henry VII (L) defeated Richard III (Y) • Henry VII will become the 1st Tudor King (Tudor Dynasty last until 1603)

  6. Emergence of Spain • divided into 4 areas = (W) Portugal, (M) Castile, and (E) Aragon • most of these areas spent their time fighting the Moors (Muslims

  7. Emergence of Spain • Change to Spain • Ferdinand of Argon married Isabella of Castile • Made the region of Spain Catholic • Established the Spanish Inquisition = Killed Jews and Muslims, unless they moved

  8. Emergence of Russia 1480 = Ivan III started to break away from the Mongols • He created the title of Czar for the leader • Established Eastern Orthodox as the main Religion and forced people to follow it • Built the Kremlin (Center of Culture, Religion, Government)

  9. Emergence of Russia • Built the Kremlin (Center of Culture, Religion, Government)

  10. Catholic Church Starts to become Troubled • Catholic Church becomes weak because of the rise of Monarchies and people questioning its techniques. • Examples • 1. Babylonian Captivity (1315 – 1377) • Popes moved to France because of Civil Wars in Italy • Pope Gregory XI moved back to Rome, but Died

  11. Catholic Church Starts to become Troubled • Examples • 2. Great Schism (1414) • Confusion on who is the next Pope • Fired the Popes and Elected Martin V • 3. Church Reform • Church starts charging Fees for Services • John Wycliffe = translates Bible into English • So all people can read it

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