1. Time- Space Convergence/ Divergence A measure of the global village

2. In the global village, people now move info and themselves much faster than before • Tend to measure distance in terms of minutes rather than km • Reduction in travel time really like reduction in actual distance between 2 places • Call this concept time-space convergence or compression

3. Calculation • 1920 London to Halifax by ship = 336 h • 1958 London to Halifax by jet = 7 h • Time saved: 336h – 7h = 329h • Change occurred over 38 years (1920-1958) • Time space convergence = 329h/ 38years = 8.66 h/y • On average you have saved 8.66 h/y for the 38 years it took to advance

4. Time- Space Divergence • Same calculation as convergence • Difference is that time is gained instead of lost

5. Try these… • In 1990 it took 7 hours to travel from Ottawa to Toronto. Through the next 16 years the government put money into their budget to improve the highway conditions in Ontario. In 2006, the same trip to Toronto took 4 hours. What is the time- space convergence?

6. To travel from Halifax to Paris, France used to be a direct flight taking 5 hours (2000). In the next 5 years, air carriers dropped this direct flight. Passengers now had to fly from Halifax to Montreal, stop over, then Montreal to Paris. This trip now took 14 hours. What is the time space-divergence?

7. In 1940, Canadians received news from Europe 3 days (72 hours) from the time the event happened. Today, we receive news within minutes (4 minutes). What is the time- space convergence? (**hint look at your units)