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POETRY-1 (ENG403)

POETRY-1 (ENG403). LECTURE – 21. RECAP OF LECTURE 20. Invocation (1-26) Heavenly Muse Holy Spirit Theme Man’s disobedience Loss of Heaven. RECAP OF LECTURE 20. Contents of the poem (27-83) Cause Temptation of serpent Satan’s revolt against God Expelled with his followers

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POETRY-1 (ENG403)

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  1. POETRY-1 (ENG403) LECTURE – 21

  2. RECAP OF LECTURE 20 • Invocation (1-26) • Heavenly Muse • Holy Spirit • Theme • Man’s disobedience • Loss of Heaven

  3. RECAP OF LECTURE 20 • Contents of the poem (27-83) • Cause • Temptation of serpent • Satan’s revolt against God • Expelled with his followers • Satan lying in hell with his followers • Satan’s First Speech (84-124) • Unconquerable will • Determination • Advises them to sustain rebellion

  4. RECAP OF LECTURE 20 • Beelzebub’s Reply (125-156) • Recognizes his determination • expresses grief on their fall • Discontent of the contest • Satan’s Second Speech (157-191) • Servitude • Irritate the Almighty • Satan Recommends to Summon His Followers • Gather courage from this respite

  5. RECAP OF LECTURE 20 • Description of Satan (192- 241) • Comparisons • Satan is Permitted to Rise • Satan and Beelzebub Fly to Land • Hell is Described • Satan’s Speech (242- 270) • Beelzebub’s Reply (271- 282) • Description of Satan on Shore (283-330) • Bid them to rise

  6. RECAP OF LECTURE 20 • Rebel angels rise (331-375) • Lost heavenly names • Plentiful: • Leaves • Locusts • Barbarian Hordes • Description of Rebel Angels (376-521) • Syrian & Arabian Deities • Gods of Greece

  7. RECAP OF LECTURE 20 • Satan’s speech (622- 662) • Fatal but not inglorious • Who could have anticipated defeat • Recovery of loss • Influence of Satan’s Speech (663-751) • Building of the Pandemonium • Mammon • Rumour of the creation of New World • Council Summoned (752-798) • Bees swarming/Size • Council began

  8. STYLE OF PARADISE LOST • Indomitable personality • Sublime • Conformity with theme • Careful selection of words • Suggestive & compact • Solemn & sonorous quality • Full of splendor • Majesty • Allusiveness • Vast imagination

  9. EPIC • An epic is long narrative poem about a hero containing the following elements: • “in media res” • an invocation to the muse • Battles • Romance • Supernatural elements • Journeys • Lists • Descent to the Underworld • Epic Similes

  10. LONG NARRATIVE POEM • Long • Narration • Story • Contains Books & Parts

  11. ABOUT A GREAT SOLDIER/HERO • a great leader who possesses great character qualities: • “larger-than-life” • loyalty, valor/ courage, sense of justice, dignity, persistence, and many other traits of his culture and time.

  12. “IN MEDIA RES” • literally means “in the middle of things” • The epic begins in media res and then flashes back to events that took place before the narrator’s current time setting • Paradise Lost begins in the middle. • Later the reader comes to know what had happened and why Satan & other angels are lying in Hell.

  13. INVOCATION TO THE MUSE • Seek help from gods or goddesses • Milton invokes the Heavenly Muse • Seeks help from the Holy Spirit

  14. BATTLE/ DEEDS OF VALOUR • does great deeds in battle or undertakes an extraordinary journey or quest. • Satan undertakes the Battle against Almighty • Adam’s Battle against Satan. • Journey of spirits

  15. SUPERNATURAL ELEMENTS • gods or other supernatural or fantastic beings take part in the action of the story. • Inclusion of spirits • Angels • Satan

  16. JOURNEYS • The setting is broad and often includes supernatural realms, especially the land of the dead. • Journey • Underworld journey

  17. EPIC SIMILES • elaborately extended comparisons relating heroic events to simple, everyday events using like, as, so, and just as • Comparison of Fallen angels to: • Leaves • Locusts • Barbarian Hordes • Description of Satan

  18. PARADISE LOST AS AN EPIC (1) • Theme: Universal “things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme” • Unity of Action • Beginning, middle and end of Paradise Lost • Invocation • Characters have heroic qualities • Speeches of Elaborate length • Illustrate from classical epics • Incidents, metaphors, similes, turns of phrases

  19. PARADISE LOST AS AN EPIC (2) • Lofty Style/elevated/grand • Narration of human actions • Disobedience of Adam & Eve • Human Interest • Sublimity • Moral Tone

  20. OBJECTIONS TO PARADISE LOST • Not heroic • Main theme is not war • It ends unhappily • Only 2 human characters

  21. SATAN’S SPEECHES • Depict the Character of Satan • Five Speeches in Book 1 • Determination • Resolution

  22. MORAL OF PARADISE LOST • Thesis of Paradise Lost: “That to the highth of this great ArgumentI may assert Eternal Providence, And justifie the wayes of God to men.”

  23. EPIC SIMILES IN PARADISE LOST • Description of Satan • Briareos- 100 hands/50 heads • Typhon- 100 serpent heads • Leviathan- sea beast • Eclipse • Description of His Shield • Orb of moon • Description of Rebel Angels • Leaves • Locusts • Barbarian Hordes

  24. ELEMENTS OF THE RENAISSANCE • Spirit of Adventure • Love for Beauty • Love for Richness & Magnificence • Revival of Old Classical Literature • Aristotle, Plato, Virgil, Ariosto & Tasso • Classical mythology • Seriousness, moral earnestness • Tradition to Write in Epic form

  25. ELEMENTS OF THE REFORMATION • Religious Movement • Revolt Against the Authority of Church • Protestants rose against Roman Catholic Church

  26. DEFECTS OF MILTON’S POETRY • Lack of Human Interest • Lack of Humour • Lack of the Element of Love • Uses complex diction & syntax • Twisted sentences • Elaborate similes • Profusion of allusions • Unnecessary detail

  27. REVIEW OF LECTURE 21 • Paradise Lost • Style of Paradise Lost • Paradise Lost as an Epic • Elements of Renaissance • Elements of Reformation • Defects of Milton’s Poetry

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