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Key Political Figures and Events Shaping Modern Conflicts in Asia and Africa

This chapter explores critical political movements and significant figures that have influenced the dynamics of conflict in Asia and Africa. It covers India’s Congress Party and Muslim League, the impact of partition, and prominent leaders such as Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi. Additionally, it delves into Apartheid in South Africa, the African National Congress, and key events like the Camp David Accords. The chapter also examines the Iranian Revolution and key players like Ayatollah Khomeini and Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, alongside the struggles of the Kurds and the implications of the Persian Gulf War.

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Key Political Figures and Events Shaping Modern Conflicts in Asia and Africa

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  1. Chapter 10World TENSIONSVOCAB

  2. 1) Congress Party-India’s national political party 2) Muslim League-An organization founded in India to protect Muslim interest 3) Partition–The separation of India into separate Hindu and Muslim nations 4) Jawaharlal Nehru-India’s first prime minister 5) Indira Gandhi-Nehru’s daughter who succeeded him as prime minister of India 6) Rwanda-Small East African nation that has seen large bloodshed between the two main ethnic groups

  3. 7)Apartheid- A policy that called for complete separation of races in South Africa 8)African National Congress- A group formed to resist the apartheid policy in South Africa 9)Nelson Mandela- Leader of the African National Congress 10)President de Klerk- President of South Africa who tried to end its isolation 11)Anwar Sadat- Egyptian President who led an attack against the Israelis on Yom Kippur 12) Golda Meir- Israeli prime minister who led an counterattack against Egypt after the Egyptian attack on Yom Kippur

  4. 13) Camp David Accords- Ended 30 years of hostilities between Egypt and Israel 14) YasirArafat- Chairman of the PLO 15) Mohammed Reza Pahlavi- Shah of Iran following WWII who embraced Western governments 16) Ayatollah Khomeini- Leader of Iran’s religious opposition who opposed the Shah and Western influence 17) PLO- Palestine Liberation Organization 18) Oslo Peace Accords- Agreement between Israel and Palestine that gave Palestine self-rule of the Gaza Strip and West Bank

  5. 19) Mujahideen- Afghan rebels or holy warriors who fought against the Soviets 20) Taliban- Afghanistan based group who took control of the country following the Soviet’s withdrawal and installed a radical version of Islamic Law. 21) Saddam Hussein- Iraqi President who was in power for over 20 years 22) Persian Gulf War- A war between Iraq and Kuwait in which Iraq invaded Kuwait in attempt to take over their oil fields 23)Kurds- Kurdish people who have been persecuted all throughout the middle east, the biggest example of this was when Saddam Hussein dropped poison gas on the Kurds killing some 5,000 people

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