Sustainable Feed Resources

1. Sustainable Feed Resources Presented at Indonesia Aquaculture Outlook 2012: Fishery Industrialization: Opportunities and Challenges to the Aquaculture Business Hotel Menara Peninsula, Jakarta, 18 Januari 2012 http://www.sustainablefish.org

2. Rapid growth in aquaculture in Indonesia and other Asian countries (shrimp, pangasius, grouper) – require fish meal • South East Asia still heavily depend on imported fishmeal for their raw materials • Local sources: • Small pelagic: sardinella, scad, and mackerel • Trash fish or low value fish from trawl fisheries • Disposal from fish processing (pangasius, tuna, sardines, etc) Background:

3. What are the issues? No data on stock status Lack of management As a result overfishing is increasing and takes a number of forms.

4. The situation in Asia For a large number of species and fisheries there is little if any information available on what is going on. Under reporting and inadequate reporting (e.g. out of date, species not identified) remains a frustration for fishery scientists and managers and creates uncertainty over future supplies for the industry

5. Trawl bycatch (trash fish) is estimated to be about 10 million tonnes per year. The amount used for fish meal may be declining as more valuable uses such as surimi increase • Trawl bycatch may take species which are naturally small but there is a lot of fish that are juveniles. All types of overfishing are represented. • Not all small pelagics are used for fish meal but general overharvesting and catches of juveniles are causing stock declines in some areas Fish meal for aquaculture

6. Better information leads to better management • The situation is complex – many species and many areas/fisheries • Capacity and resources always an issue • Existing information and data need to be publicly available • Collaboration between governments, the private sector and NGOs can attract funder interest

7. Challenges of new standards Transparency questions – there is a need to make information about the species used and from what fisheries (area and gear type) they come from. This will make the search for any existing information easierStatus questions – the standards require not only information but some assurance that the species used are being well managed. Are the stocks in good shape, for example?

8. Standards for fish meal • Small number of standards can apply to the production of fish meal used in aquaculture • Operated by different bodies and work in different ways • All are relatively new and yet to be fully tested • They cover a variety of product attributes but the main area of interest is the sustainability of the wild harvest component

9. GAA Standard http://www.gaalliance.org/cmsAdmin/uploads/BAP-FeedMill-610.pdf One of four Best Aquaculture Practice (BAP) standards used for evaluating and certifying aquaculture management and sustainability Certificate held by factory but sources of fish to be separately certified 3.1: The applicant shall obtain declarations from suppliers on the species and fishery origins of each batch of fishmeal and fish oil 3.2: The applicant shall indicate a feed fish inclusion factor on product labels, packaging, shipping documents or invoices for all feeds produced under the BAP program. 3.3: The applicant shall develop and implement a clear, written plan of action defining policies for responsibly sourcing fishmeal and fish oil.

10. GAA Standard http://www.gaalliance.org/cmsAdmin/uploads/BAP-FeedMill-610.pdf 3.4: (Future critical standard.) After June 1, 2015, at least 50% of the fishmeal and fish oil derived from reduction fisheries shall come from approved certified sources. 3.5: (Future critical standard.) After June 1, 2015, at least 50% of the fishmeal or fish oil derived from fishery by-products such as trimmings and offal shall come from approved certified sources.

11. International Fishmeal and Fishoil Organisation Responsible Sourcing Scheme (IFFO RS) - http://www.iffo.net/downloads/IFFO%20RS/IFFO%20RS%20STANDARD%20Ver1%20Rev1%20Eng%202011.pdf • Certificate is issued to fish meal plant applicant. Sources of fish not certified but have to be approved by IFFO committee based on certifier advice • Recognises fishery certificates issued under other programs (e.g. MSC) as approved by the IFFO Standards Committee • Based on FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries • Fisheries are not certified and cannot make public claims against the IFFO RS Standard

12. International Fishmeal and Fishoil Organisation Responsible Sourcing Scheme (IFFO RS) - http://www.iffo.net/downloads/IFFO%20RS/IFFO%20RS%20STANDARD%20Ver1%20Rev1%20Eng%202011.pdf A fishery is evaluated against four main criteria that relate to: Fishery management framework and procedures Stock assessment procedures and management advice The Precautionary principle, and Management advice For fisheries that are not deemed to meet the standard IFFO and SFP are working on an Improvers Program

13. Aquaculture Stewardship Council (based on WWF Aquaculture Dialogues) http://www.worldwildlife.org/what/globalmarkets/aquaculture/WWFBinaryitem14693.pdf Feed standards an integral part of product (species) based standard An agreed standard is in place for tilapia but not yet for shrimp or other carnivores 5.1.2 Allowance for the use of fishmeal and fish oil in tilapia feed containing products from fisheries that are listed on the IUCN’s Red List or the species list maintained by the Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (NIL)

14. Aquaculture Stewardship Council (based on WWF Aquaculture Dialogues) http://www.worldwildlife.org/what/globalmarkets/aquaculture/WWFBinaryitem14693.pdf 5.1.3 Timeframe for producers to source feed containing fishmeal or fish oil originating from fisheries deemed sustainable by an ISEAL member’s accredited certification scheme 5 years following the date of ISRTA publication 5.1.4 Prior to achievement of 5.1.3, the average FishSource score characterizing the fishery(ies) from which the fishmeal or fish oil is derived. See Appendix V for explanation of FishSource scoring. ≥ 6.0 with no individual score < 6.0 or an N/A in the stock assessment category

15. Sustainable Fisheries Partnership ID Page 15

16. Some common themes but also some significant differences • Common themes include: • Transparency • Traceability • Management of fishery resources – supplied directly or indirectly via processing wastes • Transition arrangements • Some of the differences include: • Certified versus non certified resources • Percentage certified • Nature of transition arrangements • Provisions for non-compliant fisheries

17. Summary • The existing and potential growth in aquaculture production is putting a lot of pressure on fisheries resources which are already stressed by overfishing • Bycatch from shrimp trawlers commonly has large numbers of juvenile fish which are important for food fish fisheries. Use of trawl bycatch for fish meal puts food fish fisheries and small scale fisheries at risk. • Good fisheries management is not only important for fishers but also for businesses that need assurances about long term supplies • New aquaculture standards require increased transparency and good fisheries management for the fish meal component

18. Initial Steps • Sharing information to better understand the sources of fishmeal and fish oil of feed mills, including the identity of the species, the location of the fishery, and any public information on their status. • A roundtable discussion among industry groups and government agencies about the sustainability issues of feed fisheries to discuss global fish meal issue (from small pelagic and trash fish) as well as buyer pressure and incentives and the need to meet certification standards regarding shrimp feed. The workshop is expected to bring together all key stakeholders involved in the fishery to identify steps to be taken to improve the fishery through better management.

19. Thank you.. More info, please contact: Dessy Anggraeni Email: dessy.anggraeni@sustainablefish.org