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Library Catalogs and CatalogING At a CROSSROADS Allyson Carlyle Information School University of Washington

Oregon Library Association April 3, 2009 Salem, Oregon. Library Catalogs and CatalogING At a CROSSROADS Allyson Carlyle Information School University of Washington. ©2009 Allyson Carlyle. Overview. Cataloging: Modeling Documents: the FRBR family Resource Description and Access

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Library Catalogs and CatalogING At a CROSSROADS Allyson Carlyle Information School University of Washington

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  1. Oregon Library Association April 3, 2009 Salem, Oregon Library Catalogs and CatalogING At a CROSSROADS Allyson Carlyle Information School University of Washington ©2009 Allyson Carlyle

  2. Overview • Cataloging: • Modeling Documents: the FRBR family • Resource Description and Access • New IFLA Statement of International Cataloguing Principles • On the Record: LC Working Group Report • Catalogs: WorldCat Local (WCL), Fiction Finder, Endeca, Evergreen, OLE

  3. At the Crossroads: The Impact Of Models • Some current/future developments: • From cataloging to modeling … to cataloging • The FRBR family and beyond: • FRBR • FRAD • FRSAR

  4. Modeling Documents and Other Cataloging Entities Frbr, frad, frsar and beyond

  5. Why Model? • Modeling: • Helps us understand better what we are doing when we catalog, when we create catalogs; • Helps us understand our documents better; • Helps us do the things we’ve been doing better - more explicitly, more extensively, more efficiently; • Makes more effective and efficient retrieval possible, whether it is in a catalog or outside of a catalog; • Facilitates interoperability among different data stores (digital repositories, bibliographic databases, catalogs).

  6. Sample Models • The FRBR Family: FRBR, FRAD, and FRSAR; • http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/index.htm (FRBR) • http://www.ifla.org/VII/d4/wg-franar.htm (FRAD) • http://www.ifla.org/VII/s29/wgfrsar.htm (FRSAR) • The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) Abstract Model: • http://dublincore.org/index.shtml (DCMI) • http://dublincore.org/documents/abstract-model/ (DCMI abstract model)

  7. The “FRBR family” • FRBR: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (the original framework) • All entities, focusing on Group 1 entities (“products of intellectual endeavor” - works, manifestations, etc.) • FRAD (was FRANAR): Functional Requirements for Authority Data • Focus on Group 2 (persons, corporate bodies, etc.) • FRSAR: Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records/Data • Focus on Group 3 (subjects, etc.) Revised from: Athena Salaba (2008), Kent State University

  8. FRBR • One aim of the new set of cataloging rules, RDA, is to incorporate FRBR. • Some dispute about how successful it is in doing this? • Relevant chapter(s) in RDA have very recently been revised.

  9. Types of Works in WorldCat (2005) • Elemental:Works have only a single manifestation (78 %) • Simple:Works have only a single expression but multiple manifestations (16 %) • Complex:Works have multiple expressions (6 %) • Revisions (53%) • Translations (26%) • Aggregates (9%) • Augmentations (2%) Source: Ed O’Neill (2005), OCLC

  10. Granularity & Units of Analysis • Units of Analysis - Book s example: • Aggregation (set): University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections • Aggregation (single): Foundations of Cataloging: A Sourcebook • Work: paper/chapter in Foundations of Cataloging • Component part: chapter section • Units of Analysis - Serial example: • Aggregation (set): Cataloging & Classification Quarterly • Aggregation (single): CCQ volume 1, no. 1 • Work: article in CCQ in v. 1, no. 1 • Component part: abstract, bibliography

  11. FRAD • A model for authority data • Final text approved in March 2009 and is being prepared for publication and release. • Has the potential to greatly expand the amount of data we currently record and collect • Available here: http://www.ifla.org/VII/d4/wg-franar.htm#Authority

  12. New in FRAD • New attributes associated with persons/objects/ concepts (next slide) • Includes entity not proposed in FRBR: family • More relationships with the potential for our catalogs to answer more questions: • Whole/part (for corporate bodies, for example) – for example, could help answer the question “What are the subordinate corporate bodies of the University of Oregon?” • Collaborative (among collaborating authors, for example) – to answer “Who does Mike Eisenberg collaborate with?” • Parent/Child (for relationships in families) – to answer “Who is Amy Tan’s mother?”

  13. FRAD person attributes From FRBR (AACR2 additions to names):Dates associated with the personTitle of personOther designation associated with the person New:GenderPlace of birthPlace of deathCountryPlace of residenceAffiliationAddressLanguage of personField of activityProfession/occupationBiography/history Source: Ed Jones (2008) ALA presentation

  14. More New in FRAD • Separation of person/object/concept from the name or names of that person, object, or concept. For example: • Entity: Jean Plaidy (person) • Entity: Plaidy, Jean (name) – related to person entity • Entity: Holt, Victoria (name) - related to person entity • Relationships associated with persons, etc. and their names, works, and other persons, etc. For example: • Pseudonymous relationship (Victoria Holt is a pseudonym of Jean Plaidy)

  15. FRSAR • Working Group has a draft, but it is not yet available? • Plan is to release first draft for comment in Spring 2009. • For updates, see: http://www.ifla.org/VII/s29/wgfrsar.htm

  16. At the Crossroads: Cataloging Rules • Some current/future developments: • RDA, Resource Description and Access – controversial development • LC Working Group Report on the Future of Bibliographic Control: On the Record – controversial recommendations • Catalogers as data/document managers,metadata trainers/experts • Users as collaborators in cataloging

  17. Resource Description & Access (RDA) Future Cataloging Rules

  18. RDA Purpose • From John Attig, current ALCTS JSC Representative - RDA is intended to be: • … of the Web: • Improved rules for describing Web resources • … for the Web: • Records that are appropriate for use in a Web-based environment • … on the Web: • A document that is accessible on the Web[but also available in printed loose-leaf format]

  19. RDA: What will it change? • Without more in-depth testing, the answer to this question is unclear; some say it will change very little; others disagree. • However, incorporation of FRBR entities work and expression should mean: • Increase in number of access points (for example, the rule of three will not apply at full level cataloging; translator and illustrator names may be required access points) • Increased use of uniform title, necessary to identify works.

  20. RDA: Out of the Library Catalog • Pressure from ALA has resulted in an agreement with DCMI to: • make RDA more friendly to other metadata communities (for more information, see http://dublincore.org/librarieswiki/DataModelMeetingand http://dublincore.org/dcmirdataskgroup/) • Make library cataloging data – or “legacy data” (including vocabularies such as LCSH) more widely available to other communities

  21. RDA & DCMI Collaborative Work • As a result, DCMI representative Diane Hillmann and others have or are: • Developed an RDA element vocabulary (for example, “title proper”) • Lobbying to expose RDA values vocabularies (for example, LCSH, DDC) • Created an RDA applications profile • For a good overview, see Diane Hillmann’s introduction: www.loc.gov/bibliographic-future/meetings/docs/hillmann-may9-2007.ppt

  22. Resource Description & Access (RDA) • For further information see: • Resource Description and Access website: http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/jsc/rda.html • RDA Prospectus: http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/jsc/docs/5rda-prospectusrev5.pdf • RDA FAQ: http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/jsc/rdafaq.html

  23. Statement of International Cataloguing Principles Future Cataloging Environment

  24. Statement of International Cataloguing Principles • IFLA work began with an International Meeting of Cataloguing Experts on an International Cataloguing Code (IME ICC) in Frankfurt in 2003 • Decision was made to revise existing cataloging principles (the Paris Principles, developed as a result of a meeting in Paris in 1961) • Revisions were made in anticipation of upcoming AACR3 (now RDA) and work on other codes of cataloging rules.

  25. New Cataloging Principles & Goals • IFLA’s Cataloguing Section has finished bringing its draft of revised cataloging principles to world librarians for review (see: http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/icc/principles_review_200804.htm) • Purpose of Principles: to guide the development of cataloging codes • Goals: • To increase sharing of cataloging data worldwide with the foundation of shared cataloging principles; • To review codes of cataloging rules in use around the world in an effort to accommodate principles and practices in the new statement.

  26. Specifics in the Statement of ICP • Long list of objectives for the construction of catalog codes – some examples: • Convenience of the user (highest objective) • Common usage • Economy • Consistency and standardization • Specifies objects of bibliographic records: work, expression, manifestation, item (FRBR entities) • Addresses functions of the catalog, bibliographic description, access points, authority control, and foundations for search capabilities

  27. ICP’s Functions of the Catalog • ICP’s statement of catalog functions align with FRBR principles and include the following functions: • Find (includes Paris Principles first two objects of the catalogue, finding and collocating) • Identify • Select • Acquire/obtain • Navigate

  28. Catalogers: A Few Possible Future Roles • Create and maintain authority records (in registries?) for people, corporate bodies, and families – and possibly for works and expressions • Manage metadata coming to the local catalog from outside (non-library) sources, for example, from faculty, students, local publishers, historical societies, or non-profit organizations • Offer consulting and training on metadata projects for our users, including non-cataloger librarians.

  29. On the Record Final report of the library of congress working group on the future of bibliographic control

  30. On the Record – Overview • The Library of Congress appointed a Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic Control to address the future of LC in an environment that is: • Collaborative • Decentralized • International in scope • Web-based.

  31. Guiding Principles • Redefine bibliographic control • Redefine the bibliographic universe • Redefine the role of the Library of Congress

  32. On the Record –Recommendation Categories • Increase the efficiency of bibliographic production for all libraries (increase cooperation, sharing, re-using non-library contributed metadata); • Transfer effort into higher-value activity (expose our users to our rare and unique materials that are currently hidden from view) • Position our technology for the future (recognize the web is our technology platform and that machine applications are users of our data as well as people)

  33. On the Record – Recommendation Categories • Position our community for the future (facilitate the incorporation of non-library data into cataloging data; realize the potential of FRBR for showing relationships among our materials) • Strengthen the library profession through education.

  34. On the Record – Selected Recommendations • Pursue more aggressively the development of internationally shared authority files. • Make access of rare, unique, and other special hidden library materials a high priority • Suspend work on RDA until the use and business case for it are satisfactorily articulated, until the benefits have been demonstrated, and large-scale, comprehensive testing of FRBR has been done.

  35. On the Record – Selected Recommendations • Link external information with library catalogs including: evaluative data (reviews, ratings), user-added data available via the Internet (Amazon, LibraryThing, Wikipedia, etc.), and user-contributed data. • Transform LCSH to be more flexible, more openly available to non-library parties; evaluate its ability to support faceted browsing/discovery.

  36. Current Context: Where are we going? A look at catalogs

  37. At the Crossroads: Catalogs • Some current/future developments: • FRBRization of cataloging records and catalogs • eXtensible Catalog (XC) – moving your catalog out to the world • New catalogs, including Worldcat Local (WCL) - moving the world into your catalog (and, threat to current vendors?) • Open source ILS - threat to current vendors? • Peer-to-peer (library to library) data sharing • Social tagging, reviewing in your library catalog

  38. FRBR Implementation (FRBRization) • Fiction Finder – an OCLC project using FRBR modeling (a FRBR algorithm): • http://fictionfinder.oclc.org/ • Goal is to make displays shorter and organized more effectively • Example: search in Fiction Finder vs. WorldCat Local (not FRBRized): • Joy Luck Club • Alice in Wonderland (not so great, but better 163 results better than WorldCat Local’s 4736 results?!) • Anything else!

  39. FRBRization, Example 2 • VTLS, an ILS vendor, has led the FRBR implementation among vendors. • See John Espley’s full slide show here: http://ru.is/kennarar/thorag/cataloguing2007/John_Espley.ppt

  40. Moving Data Out: eXtensible Catalog • See Jennifer Bowen introducing XC: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1596197655252889684&hl=en • Provides tools for revealing library contents (sharing library cataloging data and content): • To content management systems • To learning management systems (e.g., Blackboard) • Will work with a library’s ILS; will have its own interface • The aim is help users find library resources where they already are on the web.

  41. Moving Data In: WorldCat Local • UW’s WorldCat Local (WCL) test site: http://uwashington.worldcat.org/ • Includes local library holdings, listed first • Includes all other WorldCat holdings • Includes journal articles.

  42. New Possibilities for Cataloging Data • Peer -to-peer sharing of cataloging data – a possibility? • Vendors (SirsiDynix) working on this? • User added data – tags, reviews • Data-mined data – links to biographical information, Wikipedia information, etc.

  43. New Catalogs • North Carolina State University’s Endeca catalog (try Browse by Call Number): http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/catalog/ • Evergreen, an open source catalog: http://gapines.org/opac/en-US/skin/default/xml/index.xml • OLE, Open Library Environment project • http://oleproject.org/

  44. New Authority Searching • WorldCat Identities (search for your favorite author , director, etc.) • http://orlabs.oclc.org/Identities/ • Features • Summary page for every name in OCLC • Shows list of most commonly held works (aims to display at FRBR expression level) • Lists roles played by the person (editor, director, etc.) • Displays a publication timeline, languages, and cover images • Uses data mining techniques to produce displays

  45. Virtual International Authority File • Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) • http://www.oclc.org/research/projects/viaf/ • Joint project sponsored by OCLC linking authority files of: • Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (dnb) • Library of Congress (LC) • Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) • Other national library authority files and other types of authority records (corporate bodies, geographic areas) will be incorporated; at least 7 or 8 new national libraries have recently signed on.

  46. Dewey Browser • A prototype system that makes fuller use of the classificatory tree structures to support browsing: • Dewey Browser: (http://deweybrowser.oclc.org/ddcbrowser2/) and about the Browser: (http://www.oclc.org/research/researchworks/ddc/browser.htm) • Be sure to click on a cloud tag to use the classificatory features – watch the tabs along the top of the screen change for divisions and sections, which guide a user through the class hierarchies. • Once you are at the bottom of the hierarchy, you can click on the tabs to go back up.

  47. Thank you! Allyson Carlyle Associate Professor and Chair, Ph.D. Program Information School University of Washington acarlyle@u.washington.edu

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