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Understanding Sovereign Wealth Funds: Global Investments and Transparency Challenges

Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) are state-owned investment funds that manage financial assets globally, including stocks, bonds, and property, with total assets ranging between USD 2 and 3 trillion. These funds, crucial for managing national foreign assets, often operate with limited transparency, leading to concerns about their impact on global financial stability and asset pricing. Major players include the Singapore GIC and the China Investment Corporation. This overview explores the role, significance, and challenges associated with SWFs in the global economy.

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Understanding Sovereign Wealth Funds: Global Investments and Transparency Challenges

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  1. Sovereign wealth fund • a state-owned investment fund composed of financialassets such as stocks, bonds, property,precious metals, or other financial instruments. • invests globally • funded by foreign exchange assets.

  2. managing between USD 2 and 3 trillion (compared with around USD 6 trillion in traditional foreign exchange reserves) • manage the foreign assets of national states • a signifi cant class of global investors

  3. important market players • a lack of transparency in the majority of SWFs • the seven least transparent SWFs are estimated to account for almost half of all SWFs’ holdings.

  4. countries with relatively lower levels of institutional development • public investment agencies which manage part of the (foreign) assets of national • states

  5. Singapore Government Investment Company(GIC) • Korea Investment Corporation (KIC) • the investment portfolio of the Exchange Fundmanaged by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority • China Investment Corporation (CIC),

  6. CONCERNS • lack of transparency • risks to global financial stability • Distortion in asset prices through non-commercially motivated purchases or sales of securities

  7. Sovereign Wealth Funds and Official Foreign Exchange Reserves (USD billions) Source: European Central Bank

  8. The World’s Largest Sovereign Wealth Funds

  9. SWF’s major cross-border equity investsments

  10. Sovereign Wealth Funds in Comparison

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