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The Battle for Hollywood: Television's Rise and Cinema's Evolution (1956-1976)

From the mid-1950s, Hollywood faced a formidable challenge from television, becoming a permanent fixture in American culture. Initially, a strict ban kept movie stars off TV, lifted only in 1956. Technological advances spurred innovation in film, with color and wide-screen formats like CinemaScope and Cinerama revolutionizing cinema. This era birthed the blockbuster with grand epics and lavish productions, while New Wave Cinema emerged, embracing innovative narrative techniques and the psychological role of music. Hitchcock's "Psycho" exemplified this transformation, showcasing a powerful film score and groundbreaking editing.

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The Battle for Hollywood: Television's Rise and Cinema's Evolution (1956-1976)

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Presentation Transcript

  1. The close of a decade 1956-1959

  2. Hollywood’s attack on tv • Television is now a permanent fixture • Hollywood’s attack: • No movies were to be shown on television • No movie stars were to appear on a television program • ban on actors lifted in 1956 • Used technological advances to lure people out

  3. Technological Changes • Color Film • Advent of wide-screen cinematography • These two effects created effects that the television could not match. • 2 competing systems created the wide-screen film: • Cinerama • CinemaScope

  4. Cinerama • 3 cameras • 3 projectors • A large curved screen • “How the West Was Won” • Proved to be too costly and impractical

  5. Cinemascope • 1 camera • Was more effective and less expensive • Soon other studios werer creating similar wide-screen formats

  6. The Blockbuster • Lavish, lengthy and spectacular • Came into existence in 1956 with 3 epics: • Around the World in 80 Days • War and Peace • The Ten Commandments • The Bridge on the River Kwai

  7. Blockbusters cont.. • Because of costs, the extravagant epic would enjoy a limited life span. • Some of these films can be considered to be among Hollywood’s greatest productions containing some of Hollywood’s finest music. • Religious films are the most sensational epics of the time.

  8. A New American Cinema 1960-1976

  9. 60’s transformation • Peak of the Cold War • Threat of total nuclear annihilation • Civil rights • Assassinations • Moon landing • The Vietnam War

  10. The Influence of tv • Television cameras recorded many historic events. • Instead of bringing people together, it illustrated the issues that separated them. • Division based on race, sex, and age led to open and often violent confrontations. • Traditions and authority were questioned in every aspect of life.

  11. New Wave Cinema • Huge French influence on film in the late 50’s early 60’s • Auteur-director/artist • Just as an author controls all aspects of a book, the auteur manipulates every detail of a film: • Script • Cinematography • music

  12. New wave… • Traditional narrative techniques from the 30’s are no longer adequate • New trends: • Innovative plots (unclear beg and endings) • Ambiguous moral implications • Unconventional plot lines • Allowed exploration of: slow motion, jump cutting, and freeze frames

  13. New wave directors • Showed great concern for psychological importance of mise-en-scene and music • Music was used to help establish a mood • No more mirroring the action, underscoring individual emotions, and loud endings. • Music created atmosphere and was detached from the details of the story

  14. Psycho 1960 • 1st outstanding film score relecting new wave ideas. • Alfred Hitchcock • Chose to shoot in black and white • Most famous creative shot: • The shower montage • Moves rapidly between 87 shots with a cutting technique that seems as violent as the scene itself.

  15. Cont… • By the end of the shower montage the audience imagines that it has seen nudity and a knife stabbing a body, but both are implied, not shown.

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