Other animals besides humans same jobs – different systems!

1. Other animals besides humanssame jobs – different systems!

2. How do other animals get oxygen from their environment and get rid of carbon dioxide waste? How do other animals transport oxygen and nutrients to their cells and waste products away from their cells? Respiration and circulation

3. Respiratory surfaces need to be thin so that gases can easily diffuse across them. Respiratory surfaces need to be moist The larger the surface area, the fastergases can be exchanged Therefore, increasingsurface area is a common strategy in most animals Respiratory systems – common themes

4. Human lungs do all of these things! Air is moistened as it moves from our mouth/nose, trachea and bronchi. 600 million Alveoli in your lungs! Total Surface Area = 70 m2

5. Earthworms do not have lungs – they only exchange gas through their skin. Skin must be moist. (What happens to worms when they dry out?) Gases move into and out of the capillaries under the skin (Oxygen in, Carbon Dioxide out) Respiratory systems

6. Amphibians (e.g. frogs) have small simple lungs and also exchange gas through their thin skin Amphibian skin must remain moist for this to occur

7. Fish (and some amphibians) – have gills which absorb O2 from the water and get rid of CO2. The many thin gills provide a large surface area.

10. Insects have many small tubes (trachea) running through their bodies and have holes in their outer shell (exoskeleton). Gases diffuse into their cells from the body cavity rather than blood vessels

13. Two Basic Types: Open and Closed Closed System – blood stays in arteries and veins (vessels) – mammals, birds, earthworms …. circulatory systems

14. Open System – a heart plus a short tube that empties oxygen-rich blood into the body cavity. There are no other blood vessels. Rather the body cavity is filled with blood and the animals cells are “bathed” in it.Diffusion is directly into/out of the animal’s cells.Examples: insects, crustaceans, mollusks

16. Fish – 2 chambers Frog – 3 chambers Our hearts (4 chambers) are more efficient but they need to be since we can’t breathe through our skin to get oxygen directly into our cells!The only way our cells can get oxygen is by our heart pumping blood around our bodies Number of chambers in the heart

18. HUMANSFROGS Gas exchange is through lungs 4 chambers in heart Separate reproductive and digestive exit points • Gas exchange is through skin (also has small lungs) • 3 chambers in heart • A single exit for eggs or sperm or feces (called the cloaca)

19. This Friday – groups of 3. Gloves are 25 cents each if you want to use them You will be evaluated during the dissection.