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Explore the water cycle, aquifers, water usage, dams, and water treatment for sustainable management. Learn about the importance of natural recharge, over-drafting risks, and water quality factors like turbidity, pH, pollutants, and eutrophication.
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Water Cycle • 3% freshwater, but .003% drinkable (glaciers) • Transpiration vs. Evaporation • Surface Runoff OR Percolation (underground)
Aquifers and Water Uses • Rain Percolation Porous Rocks Aquifer • Aquifer gets new water = natural recharge • Water mining (like oil) • Too much water mining = over-drafting • Uses: Domestic (drinking), Agricultural (farms) and Industrial (factories) • Developed = industrial, Developing = agricultural
Dams and Water Treatment • Dams = block water flow (heart attack) • Chlorination, Sedimentation, Desalinization • Salt water Fresh water (expensive) • Reclaimed water = recycled water (cheap, nutrient-rich)
For Your Math Problems… • Include: • To get m3: multiply rainfall by area of facility • Include percentages on ARROWS Recharged in Aquifer Irrigated in Soil Amount of Rainfall (in m) Pre-Treatment Facility (include area in m2) Treatment (include cost in $/m3)
Water Quality • Turbidity (clarity), temp, pH, dissolved oxygen • Pollutants from one source (point) or mulitple (non-point) • Pesticides and biomagnification (food chain) • Lakes and eutrophication (too many nutrients)