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Foundations of Government

This overview discusses significant historical documents and concepts that laid the foundation for modern government. It includes the Magna Carta (1215), which recognized the rights of nobles and established habeas corpus; the English Bill of Rights, which ensured certain rights and limited the King’s power; and Montesquieu's theory of government separation into three branches. Additionally, it highlights John Locke's belief in natural rights and social contracts, the Mayflower Compact promoting self-government, the Declaration of Independence justifying separation from Britain, and the Articles of Confederation as the initial U.S. government framework.

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Foundations of Government

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  1. Foundations of Government

  2. Magna Carta Signed by King John in 1215 Forced the King to recognize the rights of Nobles Established the writ of Habeas Corpus (You Shall Have the Body)

  3. English Bill of Rights Gave certain rights to all Englishmen Freedom of speech to parliament King cannot interfere in the law Parliament must approve all taxes created by the King

  4. Montesquieu French Political Thinker Believed power within a government should be divided up Came up with three branches of the Government: Executive, Legislative and Judicial

  5. John Locke Believed man was inherently good and equal, but could be corrupted Believed in “Social Contract” between people and government People give power to the Government Government gets authority to rule, but must protect the rights of the people. Natural Rights- Life, Liberty and Property

  6. Mayflower Compact Signed by the pilgrims The first governing charter in America Rule of the majority and self government

  7. Declaration of Independence Statement of why the colonists have the right to break from Great Britain Divided into 5 parts, each detailing the reasons for separation Is the very definition of what America is

  8. Articles of Confederation First Government established by the United States Weak executive leader Designed to keep power in the individual States States Couldn’t be taxed by national government

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