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Understanding Ionic Bonding: Characteristics, Compounds, and Naming

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lara-morse
13 diapositives · 277 Views · Nov 28, 2014

This guide explores ionic bonding and its properties, including the formation of cations and anions due to opposite charges. It highlights the characteristics of ionic compounds—such as being solid at room temperature, having high melting and boiling points, and conducting electricity when dissolved. The difference between monatomic and polyatomic ions is explained, alongside rules for naming ionic compounds and writing their formulas. Essential for anyone studying chemistry, this summary simplifies these concepts for easier understanding.

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  1. Knowledge Check…. Which Ion is formed from a metal? List 3 physical characteristics of ionic bonding

  2. Ionic Bonding Page 61 Naming & Writing Formulas

  3. Ionic bonding occur(Review) • Cations and anions attract each other because they have opposite charges. • The force of attraction between the positively charged cation and the negatively charged anion creates the ionic bond. • Ionic compounds can also be called salts.

  4. What are Monatomic ions? • One-Atom Ions • See Page 218

  5. What are Polyatomic ions? • An ion made of two or more atoms. The charge is on the entire molecule. Example: OH-(hydroxide) See Page 221

  6. What are Binary Ionic Compounds? • These compounds contain only two types of elements. Example: Magnesium Oxide - MgO

  7. What are some properties of Ionic Compounds? • Very Strong Bonds • High melting and boiling points. • Solid at room temperature. • Liquid and dissolved salts conduct electric current. • Salts are hard and brittle.

  8. Steps To Identify Ionic Compounds • Step One: examine the substance. All ionic substances are solid at room temperature • Step Two: tap the substance gently. All Ionic substances are hard and brittle • Step Three: Heat a small sample of the substance. Ionic compounds generally have high melting points. • Step Four: If the substance melts use a conductivity apparatus to determine if the substance conducts electricity. • Step Five: dissolve the substance in water and use a conductivity apparatus to determine fi the substance conducts electricity.

  9. Rules For Naming Ionic Compounds 1) Cation is the name of the element (if two or more ions are formed from this element roman numerals are used to indicate charge) Example: Cu1+ (I)ion Cu2+ (II) 2) Anion is formed for the name of the element, but it ends in –ide Example: Chlorine becomes Chloride Page 62

  10. Practice Problems • Name the following : NaCl – sodium chloride ZnS – zinc sulfide K2O – potassium oxide

  11. Naming Compounds with Polyatomic Ions • Name the cation. • Name the anion (treat the entire polyatomic ion as one unit). Some Common Polyatomic Ions (pg 221)

  12. Rules for Writing the Formula of an Ionic Compound • Write the symbols for the metal and the nonmetal. • Write the valences as superscripts above each symbol. • Drop the + and – signs. • Crisscross the valences so they become the subscript for the other element. • Reduce subscript whenever possible. Only when both are divisible by a number greater than one.

  13. Practice Problems: • Please turn to page 221 in text book. • The teacher will give further instructions.