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Phylogenetic analysis of genotype 3 parvovirus B19 in Ghana, West Africa

Phylogenetic analysis of genotype 3 parvovirus B19 in Ghana, West Africa. Epidemiology. Markers Anti-B19 IgG (%) Anti-B19 IgM** (%) B19 Viral DNA (%) Viral load range (IU/mL). Blood Donors 82 8 1.3 1.6x10 2 - 1.3x10 5. Pregnant Women 81 19 1.8 4.6x10 1 - 3.6x10 6.

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Phylogenetic analysis of genotype 3 parvovirus B19 in Ghana, West Africa

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  1. Phylogenetic analysis of genotype 3 parvovirus B19 in Ghana, West Africa

  2. Epidemiology Markers Anti-B19 IgG (%) Anti-B19 IgM** (%) B19 Viral DNA (%) Viral load range (IU/mL) Blood Donors 82 8 1.3 1.6x102- 1.3x105 Pregnant Women 81 19 1.8 4.6x101- 3.6x106 Children* 7.9 35 11.8 9.1x101- 1.7x106 *Age range 0.13-66 months, hospitalised for severe anaemia mostly related to acute malaria (>90%). **Prevalence in viraemic B19-infected individuals.

  3. B19 DNA Anti-B19 IgG 30 25 20 % prevalence 15 10 5 0 <12m 12-23m 24-35 36-47 >48 Age groups Prevalence (%) of B19 DNA and anti-B19 IgG in 170 Ghanaian children according to age

  4. Phylogenetic tree of parvovirus B19 based on nearly full-length genome sequences (4866 bp) G3b DQ408302 DQ408305 GhP693 GhP748 DQ408303 GhD3-5 AY083234 DQ408304 G1 DQ408301 AY504945 100 M13178 AJ249437 Z68146 100 AY386330 G3a 100 M24682 AF162273 GhP227 BB19 GhP416 100 GhD1599 GhD28-8 100 AJ717293 DQ333426 AY064476 AY903437 AY064475 G2 0.005 substitutions/site

  5. 0.005 substitutions/site 0.005 substitutions/site Phylogenetic tree of parvovirus B19 based on NS1 and VP1u sequences NS1 VP1u AB030693 AB030693 AB030673 AB030673 M24682 M13178 Z70528 Z70560 AB030694 DQ408301 AF162273 AY386330 AF161224 Z68146 G1 AY028237 G1 AF113323 Z70560 BB19 BB19 DQ408301 Z70528 Z70599 AY028237 AY504945 Z70599 Z68146 AY504945 AF113323 100 M24682 AF161226 AF162273 AY386330 AB030694 M13178 AF161223 AY044266 AF161225 DQ333426 AY044266 95 AY903437 G2 DQ333426 AJ717293 AY903437 G2 100 DQ333428 DQ333428 AY064476 51 AJ717293 AY064476 AY064475 AY064475 DQ333427 DQ333427 DQ408305 100 DQ408305 82 DQ408302 DQ408302 99 G3b AY083234 G3b DQ408304 GhD3-5 DQ408303 GhP748 AY083234 100 GhD3-5 GhP693 100 GhP693 DQ408304 GhP748 DQ408303 AY647977 GhP416 G3a GhP416 G3a 93 100 GhP227 GhP227 GhD28-8 GhD28-8 GhD1599 GhD1599 AJ249437 AJ249437

  6. 0.005 substitutions/site 0.005 substitutions/site Phylogenetic tree of parvovirus B19 based on VP2 and 11-kDa sequences 11-kDa VP2 M13178 AB030693 M24682 AB030673 AF162273 DQ408301 Z70528 BB19 G1 AY028237 DQ408301 M13178 AY504945 G1 Z70560 Z70528 Z68146 AF113323 Z68146 AY386330 AY386330 BB19 Z70560 AY504945 100 DQ408305 M24682 AF162273 DQ408302 Z70599 DQ408304 AB030694 94 G3b DQ408303 DQ408305 AY083234 DQ408302 100 DQ408304 G3b GhD3-5 DQ408303 GhP693 AY083234 90 AY647977 100 GhP748 GhP748 GhP693 GhD3-5 GhP416 GhP416 G3a 100 GhP227 100 G3a 90 GhP227 GhD28-8 GhD28-8 GhD1599 GhD1599 AJ249437 AJ249437 100 DQ333427 89 DQ333427 DQ333426 G2 G2 DQ333426 AY903437 AY903437 DQ333428 AY064476 AY064476 AY064475 AY064475 AJ717293

  7. Inter-(sub)group genetic diversity based on pairwise nucleotide-substitution differences (mean % distance [range]) Genome region Full genome VP2 3a vs 3b 5.42 (4.92-5.71) 6.18 (5.65-6.67) 3a vs 1 13.4 (13.2-13.7) 12.7 (12.1-13.3) 3b vs 1 13.2 (12.9-13.6) 13.0 (12.6-13.7) 3a vs 2 9.39 (9.02-9.60) 10.1 (9.49-10.8) 3b vs 2 9.32 (8.83-9.56) 10.5 (9.79-11.2)

  8. Dataset B19 genotype 3 NS1+VP1 B19 genotype 1† VP1 Clock Strict Strict Mean* (HPD) 2.0x10-4 (2.0x10-6; 5.1x10-4) 1.14x10-4 (1.20x10-5; 2.40x10-4) TMRCA 525 (43.5; 1992) - Nucleotide-substitution rates * Mean rate of nucleotide substitutions per site per year. † Shackelton LA & Holmes EC. 2006. J Virol 80:3666-69. HPD, 95% high-probability-density intervals; TMRCA, times from the most recent common ancestor.

  9. M1577 P0223 AJ249437 P0234 P0222 P0225 P0228 P0238 M2143 M2242 P0416 T0416 M2246 D1599 P1599 88 P1579 T1579 G3a M2196 M1655 M2005 P1604 P1589 D0187 M1774 M1956 R0227 T0227 TT0227 P0496 D28-8 P0092 100 P1598 P0401 D0251 M1818 P1597 M1964 M1447 P0748 P0468 D0651 D3-5 M2106 AY083234 G3b P0693 P1621 75 P1623 AY647977 P1471 DQ408305 DQ408302 M1941 DQ408303 DQ408304 AY903437 AY044266 73 DQ333426 G2 AY064476 AY064475 DQ333428 AJ717293 DQ333427 M2029 AY504945 AF161226 Z70599 AY028237 AF161224 Z70560 AF161223 AF161225 AY386330 AF113323 G1 AF162273 AB030694 M24682 Z70528 DQ408301 Z68146 M13178 98 UK35834 UK720579 AB030693 AB030673 UK17932 BB19 0.001 substitutions/site Phylogenetic tree based on NS1/VP1u sequences of B19 genotype 3 strains from Ghana (N=53), Western Europe (N=10), and Brazil (N=7)

  10. Conclusions • Two genetically distinct clusters identified within B19 genotype 3 (>5% mean genetic diversity) • Classification of genotype 3 strains into two subtypes (B19/3a and B19/3b) is proposed • Potential West African origin of B19 genotype 3 • Similar rate of evolutionary change of B19 genotype 3 strains than those of B19 genotype 1 and carnivore parvoviruses • High prevalence of persistent B19 genotype 3 infection (~1.4%) - no evidence of maternofetal transmission - no evidence of transfusion-transmitted infection

  11. Acknowledgements Dr D. Candotti National Blood Service Cambridge, UK Pr J.-P. Allain Dr A. Parsyan Div. of Transfusion Medicine University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK Dr C. Szmaragd Dept. of Genetics University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK Mr A. Dompreh Dept. of Microbiology Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi, Ghana Dr K. Danso Dr E. Addo-Yobo Ms H. Akpene Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi, Ghana Dr S. Owusu-Ofori Mr F. Sarkodie Transfusion Medicine Unit Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi, Ghana Dr S. Kerr Dr G. Elliott Biotrin Ltd. Dublin, Ireland Dr N. Etiz Refik Saydam Hygiene Centre Dept. of Virology Ankara, Turkey

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