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War!

War!. Fort Sumter. In his first inaugural address, President Lincoln spoke directly to the Southern states, saying that the power to avoid civil war was in their hands Although South Carolina had succeeded from the Union, federal troops still occupied Fort Sumter, off the coast of Charleston.

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War!

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  1. War!

  2. Fort Sumter • In his first inaugural address, President Lincoln spoke directly to the Southern states, saying that the power to avoid civil war was in their hands • Although South Carolina had succeeded from the Union, federal troops still occupied Fort Sumter, off the coast of Charleston

  3. Fort Sumter Continued • A federal supply ship sent to resupply the base in January had to turn back because Confederate forces fired on it and would not let the ship through • Lincoln wanted to resupply the fort, but refused to be responsible for starting the war • Confederate President Jefferson Davis ordered Fort Sumter taken in April 1861 – the nation was at war http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9p7V7GrHjE

  4. The Upper South Secedes • By firing on Fort Sumter, the South had committed a direct act of rebellion and Lincoln was forced to act • When he called for volunteers to fight the seceding states, the remaining southern states (VA, NC, TN, AR) saw this as an act of war and seceded

  5. First Battle of Bull Run • General Irvin McDowell told Lincoln that it would take some time to get his troops ready to fight, but Lincoln ordered the army into action • The untrained Union army marched towards Manassas, VA – an important railroad junction south of DC • The Confederates were camped at a stream called Bull Run, 4 miles from Manassas • It took the Union army to march the 25 miles, giving the Confederate General Beauregard time to ready his troops and get reinforcements • The Confederate troops were able to hold the land, eventually forcing the Union troops to retreat

  6. This was the first official battle of the Civil War, but was rather small in scale • This battle also made a legend out of Confederate General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson http://www.biography.com/people/stonewall-jackson-9351451/videos/stonewall-jackson-there-sits-jackson-2080100911

  7. Preparing for WarWhat did each side have going for them? Northern Advantages Southern Advantages Most of the nation’s military colleges were in the South, so a majority of the nation’s trained officers were southern and sided with the South Southern army only needed to defend its territory to win the war – they didn’t need to initiate any action Southerners believed they were struggling for their way of life – they had a cause everyone could relate to • An already established government • More people **Northern pop. 21.5 million vs. Southern pop. 9 million • Twice as much railroad track • More factories – 110,100 in the North vs. 20,600 in the South

  8. Union blockades Southern ports • After the fall of Fort Sumter, Lincoln ordered the Southern ports blockaded so they couldn’t send their cotton to Europe or import goods • The strategy was to try and choke the south – they needed to do this because the Union wasn’t ready to fight yet • The South’s strategy was to prepare and wait – many hoped Lincoln would let them go in peace • Southern leaders decided to discontinue the production of cotton, hoping European leaders would put pressure on Lincoln to end the war

  9. Battle of Shiloh • Union General Ulysses S. Grant’s army advanced towards Corinth, MS in March 1862 – they were moving towards an important Railroad center near the TN-MS border • Confederate General Johnston gathered troops to halt the Union advance • Grant stopped before he got to Corinth to wait for reinforcements – Johnston decided to attack before his force got bigger • The bloody battle that resulted was the Battle of Shiloh – Grant’s reinforcements arrived and helped defeat the Confederate troops, but at a cost • This was the bloodiest battle to take place on the North American continent to this time – 13,000 Northern casualties and 11,000 Confederate casualties (including General Johnston) • It shattered any remaining illusions about the glory of war and any hopes of a quick war

  10. http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/antietam/maps/antietam-animated-map.htmlhttp://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/antietam/maps/antietam-animated-map.html Battle of Antietam • In the spring and summer of 1862, a war was being fought for the capitals – the Northern capital was Washington, D.C. and the Southern capital was Richmond, VA • Many of the Confederate troops were starving and a copy of Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s battle orders were found, revealing that Lee’s army and the army of General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson were separated • Northern General George McClellan decided to attack on September 17, 1862 at Antietam Creek, Maryland • This battle is the bloodiest single day battle in American history with more than 26,000 causalities (as many as the total number in the War of 1812 and the war with Mexico combined) • McClellan failed to pursue Lee’s army to finish them off and was fired

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