USAID and Biodiversity Conservation

1. USAID and Biodiversity Conservation Biodiversity Conservation in Agriculture Symposium Punta Cana, Dominican Republic May 31 - June 2, 2006

2. USAID’s Mission USAID contributes to U.S. national interests by supporting the people of developing and transitional countries in their efforts to achieve sustainable economic and social progress and to participate more fully in resolving the problems of their countries and the world.

3. What is USAID? • The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) is the lead US federal agency providing foreign assistance and humanitarian aid to the developing world. • USAID is a key component of U.S. foreign policy. • Total budget for 2004 was about $9.5 billion ($4.5 billion jointly managed with State Dept.)

4. Total 2004 U.S. International Biodiversity Funding

5. What USAID Does The Agency works in 7 areas critical to achieving both economic and social development and advancing U.S. foreign policy objectives • Economic growth & trade • Agriculture • Global health • Conservation of naturalresources • Democracy and governance • Education • Humanitarian assistance.

6. How USAID Does Its Work • With headquarters in Washington, D.C., USAID's strength is its field offices around the world. • USAID works in close partnership with private voluntary and indigenous organizations, universities, businesses, international agencies, foreign governments, and other U.S. government agencies. • USAID has working relationships with more than 3,500 companies and over 300 private voluntary organizations.

7. USAID’s in Situ Biodiversity Program • USAID invested over $165 million in biodiversity conservation in Fiscal Year 2005. • 85% of funds are programmed by USAID’s field missions, and managed by environment professionals in the field. The remainder is programmed globally through Washington, DC.

8. USAID Biodiversity Expenditures 1987-2004

9. Evolution of Conservation Funding Ad hoc Strategic Protection based on ecology (species) Geographic Conservation priorities Conservation including social considerations (ICDP) Threats-based conservation

10. USAID Biodiversity Expenditures 1987-2004

11. USAID’s Biodiversity Funding By Region- 2004

12. Illustrative Conservation Approaches USAID takes a threats and opportunities-based approach to biodiversity conservation. • Landscape-Level Conservation • Sustainable Use and Market-Based Mechanisms • Community-Based Conservation • Protected Areas Management • Environmental Education and Communication • Policy Development and Reform

13. Biodiversity Program Principles • Programs should apply a threats and opportunities-based approach • Programs should be participatory and foster sustainability • Programs should strengthen in-country capacity • Programs should focus on priority sites

14. WWF Ecoregions

15. CI Hotspots and Wilderness areas

16. Biodiversity Program Principles • Programs should be results oriented • Programs should complement other conservation activities and fill critical gaps. • Programs should include learning and be adaptive.

17. Threats • Threats are the factors that negatively affect biodiversity, and; • Threats should be identified at the level at which the threat abatement can be undertaken.

18. The Threats-based Conservation Approach • Identify the site, scale, and conservation targets, • Identify direct threats to biodiversity, • Prioritize threats, • Develop conservation interventions to address high priority threats, and • Apply adaptive management techniques.

19. Weak Example of Links

20. Improved Links

21. Over-extraction of forest resources by communities • Goal: Ecologically and financially sustainable forest management • Mitigation: Community-based forest management • Strength: • Inclusion of communities in all steps of the process, including threats analysis • Communities identify and rank threats • Communities implement management actions

22. Habitat fragmentation - overgrazing • Goal: Increase area for biodiversity & wildlife migration • Mitigation: Work with relevant stakeholders to develop large scale management plans • Strengths: • Land-use decision-making devolved to communities • Stakeholder participation at all levels of planning and implementation • Conservation solutions matched with economic opportunities

23. People and Conservation • Threats develop from local, national and international needs and interests • Whenever possible, benefits from threats-based solutions should benefit local communities • Mitigate conservation costs incurred by local communities

24. USAID Biodiversity Program Profile: Madagascar • High level of: biodiversity, threat, opportunity • Strong Malagasy Government commitment • USAID $8.32 mill. Biodiversity in 2004 • USAID program focus areas

25. USAID Biodiversity Program Profile: Nepal • USAID $1.42 mill. Biodiversity in 2004 • Effective programs in face of conflict • USAID program focus areas

26. USAID Biodiversity Program Profile: CBFP • Congo Basin Forest Partnership / Central African Reg. Program for the Environment • USAID $16 mill. Biodiversity in 2004 • Landscape scale conservation of the Congo Basin

27. USAID Biodiversity Program Profile: GCP • GCP: The Global Conservation Program • USAID $6.2 mill. Biodiversity in 2004 • Conservation in 17 priority land and seascapes globally • Photo: The Nature Conservancy Komodo Island Land and Seascape

28. USAID: promoting threats based conservation • Prioritize funding on opportunities that focus on threats-based approach • Work with partners to develop sound emphasis on local community involvement and benefits • Develop biodiversity activities in concert with other sectors - democracy and governance, agriculture, economic growth, and health

29. Websites for Further Information USAID Biodiversity Programs http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/environment/biodiversity/ USAID LAC/Environment Programs http://www.usaid.gov/locations/latin_america_caribbean/environment/ U.S. Forest Service International Programs www.fs.fed.us/global/ Tropical Forest Conservation Act www.usaid.gov/our_work/environment/forestry/tfca.html Conservation Finance Alliance http://www.conservationfinance.org/

30. Thank You!