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Tackling Tobacco Use in China: Cultural, Economic, and Technological Challenges

This case study explores the escalating public health crisis of tobacco use in China, where two-thirds of men smoke and youth smoking rates are surging. By 2025, 2 million tobacco-related deaths are predicted annually. Shanghai leads national and international anti-tobacco campaigns, implementing public smoking bans. The economic impact is substantial, with millions employed in the tobacco industry. This paper discusses the roles of information professionals in counseling strategies to address the complex socio-cultural attitudes towards smoking and promote cessation initiatives.

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Tackling Tobacco Use in China: Cultural, Economic, and Technological Challenges

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  1. International Information TransferLI 823 – Summer 2002 Case Study II – Dr. Xie, Shanghai, China Presented by Jana Borchardt & Carmen Doering

  2. Issues National/Local Cultural/Socio-Economic Technological Attitudinal Counseling Strategy Transmitting Filtering Advising Networking Information Transfer Approach

  3. China Tobacco use in China is rapidly becoming a national public health crisis • World’s highest number of smoker’s per capita • Currently, 2/3 of Chinese men smoke • Rapid rate of increase among youth • By 2025, an annual 2 million tobacco-related deaths predicted

  4. Shanghai • At the forefront of national & international anti-tobacco campaigns • Prohibits smoking in many public places, including its prison • Its major medical school actively promotes smoking cessation among students

  5. Smoking has become engrained in the culture, with little public awareness about its dangers. Culture

  6. Economy • China produces 4 x as much tobacco as US • China’s tobacco industry employs millions of workers • 10 million farmers • Over ½ million industrial workers • 3 million in retail • China’s recent WTO accession opens its market to ever-increasing multinational competition

  7. Technology • 2.54 million internet connections * • 33.7 million users * • Slow connection speed may make Internet searching frustrating • Government-filtering, including sites run by Taiwanese government (Franda, 2002) * at the end of 2001,, 2002.

  8. Professional Attitude Communication - Empathy - Patience - • Recognize the complexity of the inquiry • Importance of the reference interview • Importance of various informational roles • Respect Dr. Xie as an Information Gatekeeper • Xie has a significant sphere of influence • Xie has specialized knowledge beyond your ability • Acknowledge limitations of IP • IP can’t fully understand Xie’s culture nor need • IP can’t expect to answer Xie’s inquiry quickly

  9. Counseling Strategies

  10. Information CounselingThe information transfer process involves stages in which the IP may change roles to encompass the following: • Transmitting • Information filtering • Advising • Networking See Marta Dosa, “From Informal Gatekeeper to Information Counselor: Emergence of a New Professional Role.”

  11. Transmitting & FilteringFirst Level – Assumed Information Need • World Health Organization - http://www.who.int/home-page/ FILTERING – A recent press release indicates the influence of this organization and the widespread adoption of their initiatives in the area of smoking http://www.who.int/inf/en/pr-2002-59.html • World Federation of Public Health Associations - http://www.apha.org/wfpha/ FILTERING - An international organization promoting information sharing and facilitating partnerships among members. The American Public Health Association is a part of this umbrella group and their June issue is on smoking - http://www.ajph.org/content/vol92/issue6/cover.shtml • Center for Advancement of Health – http://www.cfah.org FILTERING - Mentions other links like the Youth Tobacco Cessation Collaborative, and has a program initiative named the Tobacco Use Research Funders (NOTURF) http://www.noturf.org • Harvard Univ. School of Public Health - http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ FILTERING - They have a journal and a world class program that has received grant money for tobacco research. See a recent article http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/review/rsbreath.html • GLOBALink - http://www.globalink.org/ FILTERING - International Control Network which has a listing of 6400 contacts in the area of tobacco control and sponsors the World Conference on Tobacco and Health http://2000.wctoh.org/ From this site one can get streaming media, including a speaker from China.

  12. Filtering

  13. Filtering

  14. Filtering

  15. Oxford University Report onEmerging Tobacco Hazards in China Filtering

  16. Advising 2nd Level Clarified Information Need • 2nd Level occurs if the information gathered at Level 1 is diffused and if Xie responds to the IP’s clarifying questions. • At this point the IP can more accurately access Xie's real need and advise him to either contact a local University with access to databases like Lexis/Nexis or PAIS, the Library of Congresses Virtual Reference Desk, an information broker or . . • The IP may take on a networking role in addition to the advising role and suggest Xie contact other entities & individuals that may be able to help him further. *This was our next step.*

  17. Networking • International Organizations • National & Regional Organizations • Local Organizations • Individuals

  18. International • International Tobacco Listserv • World Health Organization (WHO) Send the message "subscribe intl-tobacco <your name>" to <listproc@essential.org>

  19. National/Regional Hou Peisen, MD, MPH Director, Institute of Health Education, China CDC Building 12, Block 1, Anhuaxili, Beijing, 100011 Tel: 8610­6424-8519 Fax: 8610-6426-0067 Email: houpeisen@hotmail.com

  20. John Tung Foundation 12F-3 #57 Fushin North Rd 10059 Taipei TAIWAN (ROC) Country/City Phone Code: 886 2 Phone#: 7734309 Fax#: 7522455

  21. Local

  22. Individuals • GLOBALink’s website to find individual contacts - http://member.globalink.org/intdir/ would be an excellent resource. • Also the IP may selectively find other individual contacts at reputable institutions. Dr. Ximming Deng, Professor of Medicine at University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, received a grant from the Tobacco Settlement Research Institute and may be a good link due to their shared cultural heritage since he is a foreign national.

  23. Individual Networking

  24. References Belkin, N.J. (1980). “Anomalous states of knowledge as a basis for information retrieval.” Canadian Journal of Information Science, 5:13, 133-143. Dosa, M.L. Across all borders: International information flows and applications. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 1997. Franda, M.F. (2002). Launching into cyberspace: Internet development and politics in five world regions. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers. Levinson, H. (16 March 2000) “China lights up.” BBC News: Crossing continents. Retrieved July 17, 2002, from http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/audiovideo/programmes/crossing_continents/newsid_677000/677489.stm. Mackerras, C., Taneja, P. & Young, G. (1998). China since 1978. 2nd ed. Sydney, Astralia: Addison Wesley Longman. World Health Organization (2000). Country profiles: Tobacco or health 2000. Retrieved July 15, 2002, from www.wpro.who.int/pdf/tfi/TFI%20Country%20Profiles.pdf

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