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MEDIA INSTITUTIONS

MEDIA INSTITUTIONS. Breaks down into three areas: What ‘media institutions’ are How media institutions physically work Case Study. WHAT ARE MEDIA INSTITUTIONS?. Definition of Media Institutions includes the following:

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MEDIA INSTITUTIONS

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  1. MEDIA INSTITUTIONS • Breaks down into three areas: • What ‘media institutions’ are • How media institutions physically work • Case Study

  2. WHAT ARE MEDIA INSTITUTIONS? Definition of Media Institutions includes the following: ‘all the people involved in the production of media texts, the companies/organisations they represent, the processes of production, distribution and marketing.’

  3. WHAT ARE MEDIA INSTITUTIONS? • Three types of media ownership: • Commercial – can be public or private, large or small – they answer to their shareholders and are concerned primarily with making money • Examples: News Corporation; Sony; Time-Warner; Microsoft

  4. WHAT ARE MEDIA INSTITUTIONS? • Private, Non-Profit Bodies – can be neutral trusts set up to safeguard independence and impartiality: not concerned with making profit. Often linked to political or religious groups. • Example: The Guardian newspaper

  5. WHAT ARE MEDIA INSTITUTIONS? • State/Public Bodies • Companies either state controlled or funded in the same way as other public facilities (such as rail networks or health-care) – funded through ‘taxes’ • Example: BBC

  6. WHAT IS CROSS-MEDIA OWNERSHIP? • Where one parent company owns many other media companies. • e.g. News Corporation owns: • 20th Century Fox (inc. FOX News) • BSkyB/Sky Digital • Harper-Collins Publishers • Star TV (Asian) • Delphi-Online • National Rugby League (Australia) • The Sun, News of the World, The Times, The Times on Sunday

  7. WHAT ARE MEDIA INSTITUTIONS? Keyword: Pluralism Proponents of pluralism claim that media market forces operate in a ‘free market’, where people have a choice of what (or whether) to watch (at all). Unsurprisingly, major market forces such as Time Warner, Disney, Microsoft, hold as ‘truths’ that since nobody is actively forcing people to sit and watch or use their products, most of the shows and products that are popular, are so because the have genuinely won out in a free market.

  8. WHAT ARE MEDIA INSTITUTIONS? Keyword: Free Market A market is considered to be free if the people operating within it are given a genuinely free choice as to what to watch. In an ideally free market, all channels and media would be equally funded and diversified. Keyword: Diversify To diversify is to offer a broad range of products (something for everyone). This can be considered the opposite of narrowcasting.

  9. WHAT ARE MEDIA INSTITUTIONS? Keyword: Narrowcasting The opposite of ‘broadcasting’, the company involved offers a very limited choice of what to watch. e.g. ITV shows lots of Reality (non-scripted) TV and sports, but very little of intellectual merit, such as well-researched documentaries… The general public very quickly become aware of the status of a media institution, and can often react badly when established statuses are changed.

  10. WHAT ARE MEDIA INSTITUTIONS? Keyword: Status The wider public will be aware of the status of the institution and of their own expected relationship to it. E.g. In the 1970s/80s, the BBC was called ‘Auntie’, with all of the problems that connotations of that particular relationship entailed.

  11. WHAT ARE MEDIA INSTITUTIONS? • Case Study: • 2001: Greg Dyke took over the Directorship of the BBC from John Birt. Programmes of a serious nature (that had small audiences) were moved off BBC 1. The 9 O’Clock News was moved to 10. • Research the consequences of this move. Write 500 words. Try to find information about: • How the changes affected the viewing figures for BBC1 • What criticisms were levied at Greg Dyke • Any praise Dyke received, and from which quarters • Also, write about how this move might have been different if the BBC was a Commercial Company

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