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Serology Introduction Vocabulary

Serology is the study of antigen-antibody reactions, crucial for understanding blood types. Key components include plasma, the fluid part of blood, erythrocytes (red blood cells), and serum, which separates from clotted blood. Blood typing, introduced by Karl Landsteiner in 1901, uses the ABO system, recognizing Type A, B, AB, and O blood groups based on their specific surface antigens. Additionally, the Rh factor indicates whether a person is Rh-positive or negative. Understanding these elements is vital for medical practices such as transfusions and immunology.

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Serology Introduction Vocabulary

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  1. Serology IntroductionVocabulary

  2. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)- the molecules that carry the body’s genetic information. • Plasma- the fluid portion of unclotted blood • Erythroctye- a red blood cell • Serum- the liquid that separates from the blood when a clot is formed

  3. Antigen- a substance, usually protein, that stimulates the body to produce antibodies against it. • Antibody- A protein in the blood serum that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen. • Antiserum- blood serum that contains specific antibodies.

  4. Agglutination- the clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody. • Serology- the study of antigen-antibody reaction.

  5. Serology • 1901- Karl Landsteiner announced the discovery of the typing of blood. • First to recognize that all human blood was not the same • Classification system A-B-O system

  6. Blood- refers to a highly complex mixture of cells, enzymes, proteins, and inorganic substances. • Fluid portion= plasma • Composed primarily of water and account for 55% of blood content • RBC(erythrocytes) • WBC • platelets

  7. Antigens impart specific characteristics to the red blood cells • Blood antigens are grouped into systems depending on their relationship to one another • Type A blood- each RBC has A antigens on its surface • Type B blood- have B antigens • Type AB- contain both A and B antigens • Type O- have neither A nor B antigens on their cells • The presence or absence of A and B antigens on the red blood cells determines a person’s blood type in the A-B-O system.

  8. Another important blood antigen • Rh factor (D antigen)- people w/ D antigen are said to be Rh positive; those without are said to be Rh negative. • For EVERY antigen there exists a specific antibody. • Each antibody symbol contains the prefix anti- followed by the name of the antigen for which it is specific • EX: Anti-A is only specific for A antigen; Anti-b for B antigen

  9. Review Questions • Who discovered that blood in distinguishable by its group or type? • What is plasma? What percentage of blood content does plasma account for? • What is the fourth important antigen other than A, B, and O?

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