Chapter 17 STRESS AND HEALTH

1. Chapter 17STRESS AND HEALTH Section 1:What Is Stress? Section 2:Responses to Stress Section 3:Physical Effects of Stress Section 4:Psychological Factors and Health Section 5:Ways of Coping with Stress

2. Chapter 17 What is STRESS? • STRESS is the arousal of one's mind and body in response to demands made upon them. • It can be positive or negative, long term or short term. • It is the addition or subtraction of something in your life that changes your routine. • Distress is NEGATIVE; eustress is POSITIVE.

3. Chapter 17

4. Chapter 17 Critical Thinking Questions • 1. How do you think stressors have changed since the beginning of the 20th century? • 2. Recall a recent personal example of the fight-or-flight response. What sensations did you notice? • Watch Brain Games “Don’t Be Afraid.”

5. Chapter 17 Section 1: What Is Stress? MAIN CAUSES OF STRESS • Frustration – being blocked from obtaining a goal • Daily Hassles – everyday frustrations everyone experiences • Life Changes – moving, serious illness, or death in the family • Conflict – being pulled in two or more directions by opposing forces or motives • Personality Types – Type A or Type B

6. Chapter 17 Personality Types Type A Type B More relaxed Able to say no easier May be stressed but handles it differently More patient Not as easily angered, calm Allows free time Usually do one thing @ a time Less stress = fewer health issues • Always on the go • Pressure themselves “to do” • Constantly under stress • Highly driven, competitive • Impatient • Easily angered, hostile • Never have enough time • Often multi-task • More stress = more health problems

7. Chapter 17 Personality Types Type C Type D Outwardly appearance is calm Inwardly in turmoil More susceptible to illness Suppresses feelings rather than sharing them Conforms to the wishes of others Feels helpless or hopeless turn emotion inward instead of taking action • More negative thought patterns • Socially inhibited • Easily irritated • Fuss about unimportant details • Feel unhappy, gloomy • Worry often • Don’t know how to talk or react in social situations

8. Chapter 17 The Four Types of Conflict

9. Chapter 17 Section 2: Responses to Stress What are the factors that determine one’s response to stress? • Self-efficacy Expectations – beliefs people have that they can accomplish goals that they set for themselves • Psychological Hardiness – a personality characteristic that helps people withstand stress (commitment, challenge, and control) • Sense of Humor – humor lightens the burdens of life • Predictability – ability to predict a stressor that seems to reduce the amount of stress that it causes • Social Support – presence and interest of other people

10. Chapter 17 Section 2: Responses to Stress RESPONSE TO STRESS (continued) Physical effects include general adaptation syndrome: alarm reaction, resistance stage, and exhaustion stage. Alarm reaction – fight or flight reaction that happens when the body perceives a threat. The body produces hormones to help it cope with stress, to prevent allergic reactions, to increase circulation to injuries, etc. Resistance stage – coping strategies that help the body regain its energy, repair damage and store balance Exhaustion stage – When stressor is not removed, people reach a breaking point, causing health problems.

11. Chapter 17 Section 3: Physical Effects of Stress Question: How does stress affect the immune system? EFFECTS OF STRESS ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM • Prevents disease by producing white blood cells that destroy disease-causing microorganisms, worn-out body cells, and cells that have become malignant • Stimulates body to produce steroids, which suppresses the immune system by preventing the formation of antibodies that fight germs and prevent diseases

12. Chapter 17 Section 4: Psychological Factors and Health Question: How can psychological factors contribute to headaches, heart disease, and cancer? PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AND HEALTH • Muscle-tension and migraines may be stress-related. • Type A behavior increases likelihood of developing heart disease. Anger and hostility do also. • Stress is also considered a risk factor in the development of some forms of cancer.

13. Chapter 17 Section 5: Ways of Coping with Stress Question: In what ways can people cope with stress? COPING W/ STRESS – DEFENSIVE COPING Defensive coping – one way to reduce the immediate effects of a stressor • Substance Abuse – use of alcohol, tranquilizers, and other drugs to reduce the feeling of stress • Aggression – use of aggression and violence to cope with stress • Withdrawal – turning away from a stressful situation • Suicide – ultimate form of withdrawal • Defense Mechanisms – protect the ego from anxiety

14. Chapter 17 Section 5: Ways of Coping with Stress Question: In what ways can people cope with stress? COPING WITH STRESS Active Coping – involves changing the environment or situation to remove stressors or changing one’s response to stress so that it is no longer harmful • Changing stressful thoughts • Relaxation • Exercise What are the results of choosing defensive coping vs. active coping?

15. Success at work and in school • Involves using active coping skills. • Three C’s of success: COMMITMENT, CHALLENGE, and CONTROL. • A person who has the C’s is shows commitment to doing well, enjoys the challenge, and feels like they have control over their own lives. They do not control everything, but they do control how they react toward everything.

16. Chapter 17 Stress Management Test Day • Take out your worksheet and a PENCIL. • Make sure your NAME is on your worksheet. • On the top, write the definitions of eustress and distress WITHOUT consulting your neighbor. • We’ll check the worksheet then take the test. • After the test, grab a psychology book from the back cabinet and print your name in it in INK. • Sign it in the book log using your name and book number.