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The “ Era of Good Feelings ” ( 1816-1824 )

The “ Era of Good Feelings ” ( 1816-1824 ). Madison to Monroe Nationalism Industry / Expansion. The American System ( Economic Nationalism in Action ). Protective Tariffs, starting with the Tariff of 1816 Second Bank of the U. S.

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The “ Era of Good Feelings ” ( 1816-1824 )

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  1. The“Era of Good Feelings” (1816-1824) Madison to Monroe Nationalism Industry / Expansion

  2. The American System (Economic Nationalism in Action) • Protective Tariffs, starting with the Tariff of 1816 • Second Bank of the U. S. • Internal improvements at federal expense.-National Road Henry Clay,“The GreatCompromiser”

  3. Regional Specialization NORTHEAST Industrial SOUTH Cotton & Slavery WEST The Nation’s “Breadbasket”

  4. Regions grabbed the Inventions that best suited their economic pursuits

  5. The Transportation Revolution

  6. Erie Canal, 1820s Begun in 1817; completed in 1825

  7. Principal Canals in 1840

  8. Robert Fulton & the Steamboat 1807: The Clermont

  9. First Turnpike- 1790 Lancaster, PA By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities. Cumberland (National Road), 1811

  10. Conestoga Covered Wagons Conestoga Trail, 1820s

  11. TheRailroadRevolution,1850s • Immigrant laborbuilt the No. RRs. • Slave laborbuilt the So. RRs.

  12. The Northern Industrial PowerHouse

  13. Early Textile Power Loom

  14. Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory Interchangeable Parts Rifle

  15. Resourcefulness & Experimentation • Americans were willing to try anything. • They were first copiers, theninnovators. 1800 41 patents were approved. 1860 4,357 patents were approved.

  16. Samuel Slater(“Father of the Factory System”)

  17. New EnglandTextileCenters:1830s

  18. The Lowell/Waltham System:First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814

  19. Lowell in 1850 • Factory workers were girls • Came from farms, leaving family • Housing was provided • Hard life, long hours, restricted living

  20. Lowell Girls What was their typical “profile?”

  21. I’m a Factory Girl Filled with Wishes I'm a factory girlEveryday filled with fearFrom breathing in the poison airWishing for windows!I'm a factory girlTired from the 13 hours of work each dayAnd we have such low payWishing for shorten work times!I'm a factory girlNever having enough time to eatNor to rest my feetWishing for more free time!I'm a factory girlSick of all this harsh conditionsMaking me want to sign the petition!So do what I ask for because I am a factory girlAnd I'm hereby speaking for all the rest!

  22. New England Dominance in Textiles

  23. U.S. Manufacturing Employment, 1820–1850

  24. The Southern Agrarian Society Prospers

  25. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791 Actually invented by a slave!

  26. John Deere & the Steel Plow(1837) Most notable for making the West Farmable

  27. Cyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper: 1831

  28. Samuel F. B. Morse 1840 – Telegraph

  29. Elias Howe & Isaac Singer 1840sSewing Machine

  30. Impact Of Industry Opportunity Expansion Innovation

  31. Changing Occupation Distributions:1820 - 1860

  32. National Origin of Immigrants:1820 - 1860 Why now?

  33. US Population Density 1810 1820

  34. Map: Population Distribution, 1790 and 1850

  35. The “American Dream” • They all regarded material advance as the natural fruit of American republicanism & proof of the country’s virtue and promise. A German visitor in the 1840s, Friedrich List, observed: Anything new is quickly introduced here, including all of the latest inventions. There is no clinging to old ways. The moment an American hears the word “invention,” he pricks up his ears.

  36. Distribution of Wealth • During the American Revolution,45% of all wealth in the top 10% ofthe population. • 1845 Boston - top 4% owned over 65% of the wealth. • 1860 Philadelphia - top 1% owned over 50% of the wealth. • The gap between rich and poor was widening!

  37. The North Embraces Industry The tariff Congress placed on imported goods helped industry to flourish, particularly in the Northeast, where there were many factories and laborers to keep them running. Industrial Workers The arrival of industry changed the way many Americans worked by reducing the skill required for many jobs. This trend hurt highly skilled artisans, who could not compete with manufacturers working with many low-cost laborers. Southern Agricultural Economy and Society During the 1780s, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington hoped that slavery would gradually fade away. However, with the emergence of cotton as the South’s leading crop, slavery persisted.

  38. The Panic of 1819 CAUSES???

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