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动词时态

动词时态. 一 . 一般现在时态（ do/does 式）： 1. 一般用法 : 1〕 表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作 ,e.g. ① He often go to the cinema. ② My sister wears glasses. ③ I go to the school every day. 2〕 表示现在或经常性的情况或状态 , e.g. ① Mother is ill. ② He likes living in the country. 3〕 表示现在的能力、特征、职业等 , e.g. ① He sings well. （能力）.

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动词时态

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  1. 动词时态 一.一般现在时态（do/does式）： 1.一般用法: 1〕表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作,e.g. ① He often go to the cinema. ②My sister wears glasses. ③I go to the school every day. 2〕表示现在或经常性的情况或状态, e.g. ①Mother is ill. ②He likes living in the country. 3〕表示现在的能力、特征、职业等 , e.g. ①He sings well.（能力）

  2. ② My father gets up early. （习惯） ③Miss Dothy teaches English. （职业） ④This machine runs smoothly. （特征） 4〕表示客观真理、科学事实 、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在的事实 , e.g. ①Summer follows spring. （客观规律） ②The earth runs around the sun. （客观规律） ③Fire burns. （客观事实） ④Knowledge is power. （客观真理） 2.特别用法: 1〕主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用一般现在时表将来,e.g. ①I’ll write to her when I have time. ②If we hurry up, we can catch the bus.

  3. ③Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 2〕主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,让步状语从句和方式状语从句须用一般现在时表将来,e.g. ①Whatever you say, I won’t pay. ②Whether you help him or not, he will fail. ③Next time I’ll do as he says. 3〕用于“the＋比较级…,the＋比较级…”中,前一个用一般现在时表将来,后一个用一般现在时表将来或一般将来时,e.g. The more you eat, the fatter you （will） become. 4〕当主句为将来时,定语从句用一般现在时表将来,eg. ① I’ll give you anything you ask for. ② He’ll give anyone ＄5，000 who help him with his Russian

  4. 5〕表示按规定、时间表 、计划或安排要发生的动作,用一般现在时表将来,e.g. ①Are you on duty next weekend? ②The train leaves at 12:00. 6〕在make sure（弄清楚）,make certain（弄清楚） ,mind（注意）,watch（注意）,take care（注意,当心） be careful（注意,当心）等后的that从句中用一般现在时表将来,e.g. ①We must take care that no one sees us. ②Make sure you lock the door before you leave. ③Be careful that you don’t hurt her feelings. ④Watch that the baby doesn’t go near the heater. 7〕在it doesn’t matter, I don’t care, I don’t mind等结构后以及类似结构后的名词性从句用一般现在时表将来,e.g.

  5. ①It doesn’t matter where we go on holiday. ②Does it matter who goes first? ③I don’t care whether we win or lose. 8〕主句是将来完成时态,从句有by the time所引导的从句用一般现在时表将来（主句是过去完成时态,从句有by the time 所引导的从句用一般过去时）,e.g. By the time he comes, I’ll have left. （ By the time he came, I had left. ） 二.一般过去时态（did式）: 1.基本用法: 1〕表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作,e.g. We often played together when we were children. 注:表示过去习惯性的动作,可用would, used to, e.g.He used to work by bus.

  6. 2〕表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态: ①He bought the computer five years ago. ②It was then a small fishing village. 2.特别用法: 1〕表客气或委婉的现在: ①I wondered if you were free this evening. ②I thought you might like some flowers. （注:过去进行时也可表示现在使语气更委婉、客气,eg.① I was wondering if you could give me a lift. ②We were hoping you would stay with us.能这样用的动词主要限于want, wonder , think, hope, intend等少数动词。） 2 〕一般过去时态用于某些特殊结构中表现在,这些结构主要是it’s time…,I wish…, I would rather…,if only…,

  7. as if…, as though…等: ①It’s time we started. ②I wish I knew his name. ③I’d rather you lived with us. 注:would rather等还可用一般过去时表将来.e.g.I would rather you came next Monday. 三.一般将来时（will/shall＋动原）: 1.一般用法: 一般将来时基本用法：表示单纯的将来事实，e.g. We shall have a lot of rain next month. 2.表示将来时的常见用法及区别:be to/be going to/be about to/be＋v-ing/be due to/will/shall ＋动原 1〕表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的时候才决定做某事用will,e.g. ①--You forget to close the door.

  8. --Oh, I’ll close it at once. ②--Ann is in hospital. --Oh,really? I didn’t know. I’ll go and visit her. 2〕表示迹象表明要发生某事,则只能用be going to,e.g. Look at the dark clouds.It’s going to rain. 3〕be going to还有以下用法,e.g. ①强调主观想法或意图: I’m going to wash the car if I have time. （注意:此时不能用 be＋v-ing, be＋v-ing表示将来,主要强调已经作出的 安排,e.g. I’m picking you up at 6:00,don’t forget. ） ②强调某个意图是事先考虑好的: --Ann is in hospital. --Yes, I know. I’m going to visit her tomorrow.

  9. 4〕be to:①命中注定的事,隐含在未来之中的事, I think we are to meet again many years later. ②父母让子女,上级让下级做的事,表示命令, You’re to do your homework before you watch TV. ③表征求意见,用于问句, Are we to hand in the papers at 10:30? 5〕be about to表示动作之快的将来,其后不能接时间状语,它与be on the point of doing sth.相似, ① Autumn is about to start. ②They are on the point of starting. 6〕be due to与时间表,旅行计划等有关,e.g. ① The train is due to leave at 7:00. ② He is due to leave very soon. 四.过去将来时（would＋动原）与一般将来时相似。

  10. 五.现在完成时（have/has＋p.p.） 1.基本用法: 1〕影响性用法:该用法表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成,且对现在造成影响或结果,同时说话者强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果,e.g. ①He has left the city.（结果:他不在这个城市） ②Someone has broken the window.（结果: 窗户仍破着） 2〕持续性用法:该用法表示一个过去发生的动作在过去并未在过去完成,而是持续到现在,且可能继续持续下去或可能到此结束,e.g. ① Have you waited long? ② We have been busy this afternoon. 2.用现在完成时的典型场合:

  11. 1〕“since＋过去时间”或“since接that从句（从句中用一般过去时）”则句中用现在完成时,e.g.1〕“since＋过去时间”或“since接that从句（从句中用一般过去时）”则句中用现在完成时,e.g. ①I haven’t seen her since last week. ②Where have you been since I last saw you? 2〕句中有so far/in （for/during）the past （last）years（months… ）/up to now/until now等短语则句中谓语用现在完成时,e.g. ①So far there has been no news. ②She hasn’t had any friends so far. ③In the past two years I’ve seen him three times. ④He has been in Guangdong （for）the last month. ⑤Up to now, the work has been very easy. 3〕“It/This/That is the first （second/third…）time＋that从句”或“It/This/That is the only…＋that从句”

  12. 或“It/This/That is the ＋最高级… ＋ that从句”从句中谓语用现在完成时,e.g. ①It/This/That is the first time that I have come to Zhejiang. ②It/This/That is the only party that I have ever really enjoyed in my life. ③It/This/That is the most interesting book that I have ever read. （注:以上句型把is改为was,则从句时态相应改为过去完成时态） 3.现在完成时与一般过去时态的区别:现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果,而一般过去时态强调这一个动作发生的时间是过去。e.g. ①I’ve lived here for ten years. （现在仍住在这儿 ）

  13. ② I lived here for ten years. （现在不住在这儿 ） ③He has bought a house. （现在已拥有这房子） ④ He bought a house. （现在拥不拥有这房子,不知道,只是知道买了房子,现在可能拥有也可能卖掉了） 4.“have been to ＋地点”与“have gone to＋地点”,前者表示去过某地,说话的时候已不在去过的地方,现在在对方的身边,而后者表示说话的时候,去某地的人不在场,可能到达某地,也可能在去某地的路上,反正不在说话者的身边。e.g. ①He has been to Paris three times. ② He has gone to Paris. 六.过去完成时（had ＋ p.p.） 1.基本用法:既表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作,也表示从某一较早的过去动作持续到一个较迟的过去的

  14. 动作,e.g. ①He had left when I arrived. ②By six o’clock he had worked twelve hours. 用好过去完成时,关键在于理解它的时间是“过去的过去”。 2.want /think/hope/plan/mean/expect/intend/suppose等动词的过去完成时＋不定式的一般式（等于这些动词的一般过去式后接不定式的完成式）,表示过去为曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等e.g. ①I had meant to come, but something happened.（＝ I meant to have come, but something happened. ） ②I had intended to speak at the meeting, but time didn’t permit. （＝ I intended to have spoken at the meeting, but time didn’t permit. ） 这种用法在不定式里已讲过。

  15. 3.一些特殊句型中的过去完成时: 1〕“It/This/That was the first （second/third…）time＋that从句”或“It/This/That was the only…＋that从句”或“It/This/That was the ＋最高级… ＋ that从句”从句中谓语用过去完成时。 2〕by（ the end of ）＋过去时间,句中谓语用过去完成时,e.g. ①We had learnt 3,000 words by the end of last term. ②By 8:00a.m. yesterday, we had arrived the park. 3〕by the time＋一般过去式,主句中谓语用过去完成时,e.g. By the time he came back, we had repaired the machine. 4〕No sooner ＋ had＋主语＋p.p. ＋than ＋一般过去

  16. 时/Hardly ＋ had＋主语＋p.p. ＋ when ＋一般过去时/Scarcely ＋ had＋主语＋p.p. ＋ when /before＋一般过去时/Barely ＋ had＋主语＋p.p. ＋ before＋一般过去时e.g. ①No sooner had he gone to the garden than his son went to play with his classmates. ②Hardly had he heard the news when he cried. 七.现在进行时（ be＋v--ing ）: 1.基本用法:表示说话人在说话时正在进行的动作,或不断重复的动作或目前这个阶段（ 不一定是说话的时候 ）正在进行的动作,e.g. ①We’re having a meeting. （说话时正在进行的动作） ②He is teaching in a school. （目前这个阶段正在进行的动作）

  17. 2.现在进行时表示将来,主要表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,e.g.2.现在进行时表示将来,主要表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,e.g. ①I’m leaving tomorrow. ②They are getting married next week. 注:现在进行时表示将来,其计划性较强,并往往暗示一种意图,而一般现在时态表示将来,除特殊的从句用一般现在时态表示将来,一般其客观性较强,多指按时刻表或规定要发生的事情,e.g. ①I’m not going out this evening. ②What time does the train leave? 3.现在进行时与always/forever/constantly / continuously等连用,表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,e.g. ①She’s always helping others.

  18. ②She’s constantly changing her mind. 4.动词be的现在进行时,表示一时的表现或暂时的状态,e.g. ①She is foolish.（生性如此） ②She is being foolish.（一时的表现） 能这样用的形容词多为angry, careful, clever, stupid, kind, brave, friendly, rude, polite等动态形容词。 八.过去进行时（was/were ＋v--ing ） 1.一般用法:表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作, He was playing while I was studying. 2.过去进行时表示现在,主要使语气更委婉、客气,eg.① I was wondering if you could give me a lift. ②We were hoping you would stay with us.能这样用的动词主要限于want, wonder , think, hope, intend等少数动词。

  19. 3.过去进行时与always/forever/constantly / continuously等连用,表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,e.g. ①She’s always helping others. ② They were always quarrelling. 4.动词be的过去进行时,表示一时的表现或暂时的状态,e.g. ①She was friendly.（生性如此） ②She was being friendly.（一时的表现） 九.将来进行时（will/shall＋be ＋ v--ing） 1.基本用法:表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,e.g. When I get home at 9:00 tomorrow, my son will be watching TV.

  20. 2.表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,e.g. ①I’ll be taking my holidays soon. ②We’ll be visiting London next week. 3.用于问句,表客气或委婉的语气.e.g. ①Will you be having some tea? ②When will you be paying back my money? 十.将来完成时（will/shall＋have ＋ p.p.） 1.基本用法:既表示到将来某一时间为止势必会完成的动作或预计要完成的动作,e.g. When we get there, she’ll have gone to work. 2.by（ the end of ）＋将来时间,句中谓语用将来完成时,e.g. ①We will have learnt 3,000 words by the end of next term. .

  21. ②By 8:00a.m. tomorrow, we will have arrived the park. 3.by the time＋一般现在时,主句中谓语用将来完成时,e.g. By the time he comes back, wewill have repaired the machine. 4.与用一般现在时态表示将来一样,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用现在完成时表将来,e.g. I’ll go with you when I have finished my work.等我完成工作以后我就同你去。 十一.现在完成进行时（have/has been v--ing） 1.一般用法:表示现在以前一段时间里一直在进行的动作, 这一动作可能仍在进行,也可能已停止,e.g. It has been raining since two days ago.

  22. 2.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别: 1］现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作,而现在完成进行时表示一个正在进行的动作,e.g. ①I have read the book. ②I have been reading the book. 2］现在完成时只陈述一个事实,但现在完成进行时可表示感情色彩,e.g. ①I have waited three hours. ②I have been waiting three hours.（等得好辛苦） 3］现在完成进行时常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况,而现在完成时谈论延续较长的动作或情况,甚至永久情况,e.g. ① He has lived in Paris. ② He has been living in Paris.

  23. 十二.过去将来完成时（would ＋have＋p.p.） 表示在过去看来将来某个时候已经完成的动作,e.g. She said she would have finished her exams by then. 强化训练: 1.（2005湖南）Since I won the big prize,my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People___ to ask how I am going to spend the money. A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 2.（2005北京）As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when____ and see him. A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come 3.（2005江西）--Hurry up！Alice and Sue are waiting D A

  24. D for you at the school gate. --Oh！I thought they ___ without me. • went B. are going C. have gone D.had gone 4.（2005江苏）They___ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ___ it as no good results have come out so far. A.had been working, are still working B. had worked, were still working C. have been working, have worked D. have worked, are still working 5.（2005辽宁）Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn’t want her parents to know what she ___. A. has done B.had done C. was doing D. is doing A C

  25. B 6.（2005安徽）The manager had fallen asleep where he ____ ,without undressing. A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had lied 7.（2005上海）More than a dozen students in that school____ abroad to study medicine last year. A.sent B. were sent C. had sent C. had been sent 8.（2005山东）The country life he is used to ___ greatly since 1992. • change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed 9.（2005湖北）When the old man ___ to walk back to his house, the sun ____ itself behind the mountains. A. started, had already hiddenB. had started, had already hidden C. had started, was hiding D. was starting, hid B B A

  26. C 10.（2005天津）By the time Jane gets home, her aunt ___ for London to attend a meeting. A.will leave B. leaves C. will have left D.left 11.（2004湖南）Turn on the television or open a magazine and you_____ advertisement showing happy families. • will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen 12.（2004湖南）--I hear Jans has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. --Oh,how nice！Do you know when she____ ? A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left 13.（2003）All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness____ . A D

  27. C D • has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown 14.（2002）– You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? -- I’m sorry I____ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you. • was’nt saying B.don’t sayC.won’t say D.didn’t say 15.（2001）I ___ ping-pong quite well,but I haven’t had time to play since the new year A. will play B.have played C. played D. play 16.（2001）Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ___ so rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will changed D A

  28. A A 17.（2000）– You’ve left the light on. --Oh, so I have.___ and turn it off. A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m going 18.（2000）The reporter said that the UFO___ east to west when he saw it. A. was travelling B.travelled C. had been travelling D.was to travel 19.（1999）-- Hey, look where you are going！ --Oh, I’m terribly sorry. ____. A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t not noticing C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice 20.（1998）--Nancy is not coming tonight. --But she ____ ！ A.promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised B B

  29. D B 21.（1998）Shirley___ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D.was writing 22.（1997）I first met Lisa three years ago. She ___ at a radio shop at that time. A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked 23.（1997）--Is this raincoat yours? --No, mine ___ there behind the door. A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung 24.（1997）--Who is Jerry Cooper? --____ ?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. A.Don’t you meet him yet B.Hadn’t you met him yetC.Didn’t you meet him yet D.Haven’t you met him yet A D

  30. D D 25.（1996）--Can I help you? --Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it ____. A. didn’t work B. won’t workC. can’t work D. doesn’t work 26. （1996）--___ My glasses? --Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. • Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen 27.（1996）Hellen __ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband __ home. A.has left,comes B.left ,had come C.had left, came D. had left,would come 28.（1995）--Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it. ---It’s 9568442. A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t C A

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