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Haematology and The Lymphatic System

Haematology and The Lymphatic System. Functions of Blood. Transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones and enzymes to body cells Carry waste away from body cells Protect body against fluid loss through clotting mechanism Protect against infection. What is blood made up of?. 1.Plasma

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Haematology and The Lymphatic System

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  1. Haematology and The Lymphatic System

  2. Functions of Blood • Transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones and enzymes to body cells • Carry waste away from body cells • Protect body against fluid loss through clotting mechanism • Protect against infection

  3. What is blood made up of? 1.Plasma • Is a straw coloured liquid • Consists of water, proteins, and the following types of blood cells

  4. Types of blood cells • Erythrocytes • Are Red Blood Cells (RBC) • Contain hemoglobin – pigment that contains iron and carries oxygen • Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide i

  5. Types of blood cells cont’d • Leucocytes • Are white blood cells (WBC) • Fight against infection and inflammation • Neutrophils, Eosiniphils, Basophils lymphocytes, Monocytes are types of leucocytes • Neutrophils swallow and destroy bacteria This is known as phagocytosis

  6. Types of blood cells cont’d • Thrombocytes • Are also called platelets • Are responsible for blood clotting

  7. Blood clotting • Process of blood thickening and forming a gel • Is called coagulation • Gel is called a clot • Clotting prevents blood loss when a blood vessel is ruptured

  8. Haemrrohage • Occurs when blood doesn’t clot quickly enough • Some drugs are used to prevent and treat clotting or thrombosis by blocking the clotting mechanism • These drugs are called antocoagulants e.g. Heparin

  9. Thrombosis • Is a clot in an unbroken blood vessel • Is due to blood clotting too easily

  10. Haemopoiesis –(poiesis means formation) Process by which blood cells are formed & occurs in • Bone marrow (myeloid tissue) –Erythrocytes (RBC), some leucocytes (WBC), & platelets • Lymphoid tissue – produces some leucocytes • Production occurs in spleen, tonsils, &lymph nodes

  11. Word Components

  12. Blood grouping • Erythrocytes contain special proteins (agglutinations) that determines our blood group • ABO group • Rh group

  13. ABO grouping • Type A = 41% of population • Type B = 10% of population • Type AB = 4% of population • Type O = 45% of population

  14. Rh grouping • Rh + • Rh – • In blood transfusions both recipient &donor must match in ABO grouping • And also Rh grouping

  15. Words and word Components

  16. Words and word Components

  17. Disorders & Terms

  18. Disorders

  19. Procedures

  20. Abbreviations

  21. Abbreviations

  22. Haematology Terms

  23. Haematology Terms

  24. Lymphatic System Consists of • Capillaries • Vessels • Ducts • Nodes • Responsible for Transporting lymph that is formed from tissue fluid

  25. Functions of Lymphatic System • Protection from infection - nodes filter microorganisms (bacteria) in the lymph fluid • Transportation of lymphocytes which help body fight infection support immune response • Transportation of lipids • Transportation of excess tissue fluid back into the bloodstream Act 1

  26. Lymphatic Organs • Spleen – destroys old RBC, stores blood, filters blood, plays a part in immune response • Adenoids & tonsils – thought to play part in formation of lymphocytes & antibodies • Thymus – controls development of immune system

  27. Lymph nodes, Lymphocytes and macrophages • Lymph nodes contain lymphocytes and macrophages • These cells destroy bacteria by ingesting (swallowing) it • During infection lymphocytes& macrophages multiply rapidly causing lymph nodes to swell & be painful

  28. Word parts

  29. Immunity – Disease protection • Antigen – foreign body substance that causes formation of an antibody to fight against it • Antibody - substance that can destroy antigens that have entered the body

  30. Word parts

  31. Pus • Liquid made up of proteins, tissue fluids containing bacteria, & leucocytes • Formed in response to infection

  32. Immune response • Identification & destruction of anything that is foreign i.e antigens • Includes transplanted organs or body cells that have changed their form e.g. malignant cells

  33. Immune response to infection • Lymph gland swell • FBC (Full Blood Count) will show increase in WBC ( white blood cells) • Lymph glands and FBC returns to normal when bacteria or microorganisms are destroyed

  34. Immune response to infection • Lymphocytes become memory cells and respond rapidly if exposed to the same organism again This is the basis of immunity

  35. Conditions of Lymphatic System

  36. Abbreviations

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