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Intro To Archeology:

Intro To Archeology:. Week #1 Notes. What is Archeology?. World Wide Subject. What is Archeology?. A Science – Based on Questioning Material Objects Left Behind Cultures that have disappeared. Why Study Archeology?. Answer Questions Scientifically: Cultures Living Conditions

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Intro To Archeology:

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  1. Intro To Archeology: Week #1 Notes

  2. What is Archeology? • World Wide Subject

  3. What is Archeology? • A Science – Based on Questioning • Material Objects Left Behind • Cultures that have disappeared

  4. Why Study Archeology? • Answer Questions Scientifically: • Cultures • Living Conditions • Industrial Works • Migration Habits of Societies

  5. Focus of this Class: • North America • Great Lakes Region • Marlette

  6. Key Terms: • Archeology: • Material Culture:

  7. Discussion Question: • What comes to mind when you think about Archeology or Archeologists?

  8. History of Archeology: • Natural Curiosity: • Guessing Sites:

  9. History of Archeology: • True Science: Anthropological Studies

  10. Archeology vs. Anthropology • Archeology – Part of Anthropology • Focuses on Artifacts: • Items left from Material Culture

  11. Archeology vs. Anthropology • Anthropology – Study of patterns of living cultures • Presently Existing Cultures

  12. Study Areas: • Pre-History: • Paleo-Peoples/Cultures • Archaic People • Woodland Indians

  13. Study Areas: • Contact History: • Pre-European Cultures • European Cultures • Asian Cultures

  14. Study Areas: • Historical United States • Colonial • Nationalistic • Statehood • Marlette

  15. Study Areas: • Modern: • 20-21st Century Cultures

  16. Leaders in Archeology: • Thomas Jefferson

  17. Leaders in Archeology: • Nels Nelson:

  18. Leaders in Archeology: • Squire and Davis:

  19. Leaders in Archeology: • C.B. Moore: Aucilla River Excavation

  20. Leaders in Archeology: • James Ford

  21. Leaders in Archeology: • W.W. Taylor: Conjunctive Approach

  22. Leaders in Archeology: • Lewis Binford:

  23. Leaders in Archeology: • Kathleen Deagan:

  24. Naturalists: • No Current Naturalists: • Ben Franklin • Thomas Jefferson

  25. Current Studies: • Specialize: • Biological Anthropologists • Physical Anthropologists • Cultural Anthropologists • Linguistic Anthropologists • Historical Anthropologists • Industrial Anthropologists

  26. Culture: • Beliefs • Art and Architecture • Religion – Morals • Laws • Customs • Habits • Technology

  27. Archeology as a Science: • Uses Scientific Theory • Uses Scientific Method: • Observations – About natural surroundings • Questions – Research Question • Hypothesis – Based on Research • Experiment – Archeological Dig • Data - Artifacts • Conclusion – Based on Research and Artifacts • Answers the research question!

  28. Current Michigan Archeology: • Occupation Sites: • Prehistoric – Beaver Island • Contact – Sault Ste Marie

  29. Current Michigan Archeology: • Occupational Sites: • Historic – Fort St. Joseph • Modern – Marlette Train Station

  30. Current Michigan Archeology: • Battles and Conflicts: • Prehistoric – Tribal Wars • Contact – Mackinaw

  31. Current Michigan Archeology: • Battles and Conflicts: • Historic – Cass River Battle • Toledo War • Modern – Calumet Riots • Detroit Riots

  32. Current Michigan Archeology: • Cultural Disasters: • Prehistoric: Sanilac Bowman • Contact: Spread of Smallpox • Historic: Thumb Fires

  33. Key Terms: • Anthropology • Artifact • Pre-History • Contact • Culture • Site • Occupational Site

  34. Purpose of Archeology: • Answer Specific Questions: • Previous Occupations • Land Use • Human Use of Geographical Locations and Resources • Material Culture

  35. Purpose of Archeology: • Verify Locations and Document: • Occupational Sites • Industrial Sites

  36. Purpose of Archeology: • Record/Photograph/GPS Locate: • Evidence • Least Disturbance as Possible

  37. Philosophies of Archeology: • Beginnings: • Natural Curiosity • Unauthorized: “Pot Hole” Digging • Burial Robbery • Seeking Lost Treasure – Sell Artifacts • No Records • Random Exploration • Not Scientific!

  38. Philosophies of Archeology: • Organized Archeology: • Land Development • Better Documentation: • Funded Projects • Beginning of Scholarly Study • University Sponsored • Storage and Preservation Techniques

  39. Philosophies of Archeology: • Modern: • Used as Last Resort • Prevent inadvertent Destruction of study sites • Refined Documentation • Satellite Photos • Ground Penetrating Radar • GPS

  40. Philosophies of Archeology: • Modern: • Contracted Field Studies • Extensive Research Before Dig • Advanced Data Collection • Protective Legislation • Better accountability

  41. Philosophies of Archeology: • Future?

  42. Conclusion: • Archeology must have a purpose: • Must be defined and documented • Only take was is needed • Document every artifact: Location • Artifact removed from ground is DEAD

  43. Ethics of Archeology: • Respect: • Integrity of the Ancients • Organized • Respect Private Property

  44. Ethics of Archeology: • Research: • Find out as much as possible about the culture of study • Have a research question – Focus intentions

  45. Ethics of Archeology: • Digging: • Used as a last resort: • Consider alternatives to digging • Consult State Archeologist • Legal Protections: • National Historic Preservation Act of 2000 • Human Remains – State Police

  46. Ethics of Archeology: • Preservation: • Site: Do not dig more than necessary • Keep Comprehensive Records • Once opened the site is destroyed • Only remove items after complete descriptions and locations are documented • Use Photo documentation • Conserve artifacts

  47. Ethics of Archeology: • Publications: • Share information/findings • Be Prepared for criticism

  48. Ethics of Archeology: • Unfound Sites: • Involve adults before doing anything • Use accepted methods of documenting it • Follow recognized procedures • Follow local, state and national laws!

  49. Key Terms: • Pot Hole Archeology • Field Study • Ethic • in situ

  50. Assignment: • Describe an example of when you should dig and when you should not. What can you do if you do not choose to dig?

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