Enhancing Science Education with Multimedia Applications

2. Multimedia applications discussed by network of science teachers Józefina Turlo Andrzej Karbowski, Krzysztof Służewski, Grzegorz Osiński Education of Physics Laboratory, Institute of Physics Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland jturlo@phys.uni.torun.pl MPTL11

3. Background • 1999 – reform of Polish educational system performed, • ICT introduced into the core curricula of science, • 1999 – 2004 - all secondary schools equipped withcomputers - used mostly for learning of basic ICTskills, • no improvement of the quality of science education, because: - lack of good educational softwareand laboratory equipment, - low level of teachers’ competencies at the effective use of ICT, • 2003, on 5th December - decision of EU Council promotingan efficient use of ICT for education. MPTL11

4. Taking these into account we created the network of 3Universities (Poznan, Bialystok and Torun) working onenhancing the efficiency of teaching with the use of ICT. MPTL11

5. Structure of the Multimedia Mini - Laboratories Network • each university collaborates with the group of 10 – 15 science teachers(physics, chemistry and biology), • the effectiveness of methods and tools in process of science teaching and learning is quite well documented in theliterature (for example: Rogers, Pinto, Pecori, Sassi, Frost,Lavonen,Demkanin, Mioduszewska, Ellermeijer, Turlo et al.), • teachers areelaborating the examples ofICTmethods and toolsapplied to science teaching and learning, • the results of their work are discussed and applied by other teachers within the network. MPTL11

6. Steps of the Project’s execution • Planning of propositions based on literature and teachers’classroom experience, which reflects students’ misconceptions, • the assumed educational objectives are the mostimportant for selection of the topics, • financial support was provided by the National Ministryof Education, • schools were equipped with some necessary hardware(interfaces, sensors, video cameras, etc.) and appropriatesoftware – mostly COACH, produced by CMA Amsterdam, • local training courses for teachers were organised, the first onewas taking place in Poznan (see picture). MPTL11

7. Józefina Turlo and Andrzej Karbowski conducting the teachers’ training course during the seminar in Poznan. teachers’ work results are presented and discussedduring the meetings. MPTL11

8. The picture showing the group of teachers collaborating with our Laboratory in Torun. MPTL11

9. Examples of the first teachers’ project resultsfrom Kujawsko-PomorskieRegion Let’s present some examples of the project results from 2004: I. Physics 1. Physics and astronomy curriculum at the lower secondary school aided by experiments driven by Coachlab II and software Coach 5 (byMSc. Stanislaw Niedbalski). This is a mature proposition of complete list of MBL school experiments correlated with the school textbook edited by „New Age” (in Polish „Nowa Era”) and aimed at increasing the efficiencyof teaching and learning. MPTL11

10. 2. Studies of magnet falling down in tubes made fromdifferentmaterials. MSc. Tadeusz Kubiak showing the experiment MPTL11

11. The MBL investigations of strong magnet falling down in plastic, copper and aluminium tubes allow: • to study the changes of magnet motion parameters(velocity andacceleration) and evaluate the g value, • to compare the motion parameters for magnet fallingdown in the gravitation field (inside a plastic tube)with a motion inside diamagnetic (copper) andparamagnetic (aluminium) metal tubes, • to verifythe induction phenomena(caused by induction of electromagnetic forceinside a metaltubes) and Lenz’ principle. MPTL11

12. Exemplary on-line data and graphs illustrating change of induced potential in plastic (upper) and aluminium(bottom picture) tubes. MPTL11

13. magnetic field sensor power supply electromagnet Coachlab II console different materials 3. Studies of relative magnetic permeability of different substances (byMSc. Mariusz Kaminski) The general view of the experimental device MPTL11

14. Time (min) In this experiment students can measure the magnetic induction of different metals and from the value of  (factor of magnetic permeability) to recognise the kind of material (diamagnetic, ferromagnetic or paramagnetic). MPTL11

15. II. Biology and chemistry 4. Investigation of photosynthesis and respiration of plants (byMSc. Piotr Felski) This experiment allowsto investigate the change of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations as a function of absorbed light energy for corn growing in a plastic bottle. The obtained results allow students to withdrawn conclusion, that the plants have to respire also at the night (in darkness). MPTL11

16. Furthermore, precise analysis of the achieved data permit to find the relation between O2 and CO2 concentrations. The plants respire using the oxygen and dose out CO2 in proportion 1:1. 5. Monitoring of germination and fermentation processes (byMSc. Piotr Felski). The other biological experiments are related to oxygen process of plants germination and non-oxygen – alcoholic fermentation. In the first experiment we can observe the results of germination of pea in darkness during 2 days. MPTL11

17. Changes of oxygen and CO2 concentrations during pea germination in darkness. Thus, germination is the oxygen process, when oxygen concentration decreases, concentration of CO2 increases. MPTL11

18. 6. Investigations of influence of different medicaments on pH of stomach acid (by MSc. Agnieszka Dyszczynska). In this experiment students can verify what are the effects of different medicaments on different diseases,as stomach over - acidity or pain. Changes of pH of cola simulating stomach acid as a function of time after adding of different medicaments. MPTL11

19. Changes of pH of cola simulating stomach acid as a function of time after adding of different pils reducing pain. MPTL11

20. 7. Studies of milk fermentation process(by MSc. Agnieszka Dyszczynska) Chemical equation describing milk fermentation: C6H12O6 + milk bacteries 2 CH3CHOHCOOH + 22,5 kcal sugar milk acid energy The changes of pH of different types of milk during 10 h of fermentation MPTL11

21. pH value and the concentration of oxygen as a function of time is decreasing for country and torunian milk faster then for other probes. It can indicate, that the other samples contain pseudomilk bacteries instead of real ones. A. Dyszczynska during the multimedia seminar in Torun Teachers are working with multimedia MPTL11

22. International SOCRATES Cominius Project: Effective Use of ICT in Science Education (EU ISE) Initiation The initiators of EU ISE Project at the meeting in Kopenhaga (from the left: Peter Demkanin, Jozefa Guitart, Bob Kibble, Jari Lavonen, Jozefina Turlo) MPTL11

23. The Project’s rationale • According to an OECD (2004) survey, the use of ICT in education in most countries concentrates on sporadic and mechanical information retrieval from the Internet. • Therefore, the main goal of project EU ISE is to collect the best practices on the integration of ICT into science education, that can also motivate students and teachers and improve the quality of science teaching and learning. • These best practices can demonstrate how ICT use can make science education more versatile and goal-oriented, inspire students active and creative self-learning, promote co-operation and study in authentic contexts. • Objectives: • To identify the best practice of using different methods and tools of ICT in science education across Europe, propose system for benchmarking this area, • designed and test a course for in-service and pre-service teacher training in such way. MPTL11

24. Target Groups: Teachers of science in schools age 10-18 and trainee teachers of science. Lecturers with responsibility for in-service and pre-service teachers training • Main activities: • Identification of the bet practices (based on literature and the examples of the effective use of ICT in school). • Creation of a training module for teachers. • Organisation of the international workshop for teacher trainers on EU-ISE. The first activity International Questionnaire for teachers: „Making the use of ICT in science teaching” (http://www.fizyka.umk.pl/test/data.php) Until now the Polish partner collected about 90 answers (60 from women and 30 from men, among them more than 50% of physics teachers) We got some answer to the questions: when, for what and in which way the ICT methods and tools are used in science education. But we are still collecting more data and planing the international comparison of the results MPTL11

25. Further activities • Creation of the national extended network of science teachers and giving information about the Project. Jozefina Turlo explaining the rules of the EU ISE Project MPTL11

26. Presentation and discussion of the Education of Physics Laboratory achievements on the ICT use in science education Andrzej Karbowski and Jozefina Turlo are explaning the computer aided experiments with the use of ultrasound motion detector MPTL11

27. Experiments with the use of Ultrasound motion detector inexpensive detector working with continuous, coherent wave of 40 kHz frequency, working with microcontroler PIC 16C84 and memory EEPROM, aimed at investigationaposition, velocity and acceleration of the moving bodies, measuring the distance with the resolution below 0.2 mm,time with the resolution of 300 s, Ultrasound 40 kHz motion detector with transmitter (marked yellow) and receiver (marked red) MPTL11

28. Some interesting results The graphs of position, velocity and acceleration of school version of Galileo experiment (car moving on the inclined plane) MPTL11

29. The graphs of s, v and a for physics pendulum. MPTL11

30. The graph of position for damping harmonic motion (mass attached to the spring and inside the water) MPTL11

31. Physics simulations with the use of Modellus • We are recommending the Modellus package for creation of simulations of school science phenomena http://phoenix.sce.fct.unl.pt/modellus/ Elzbieta Kawecka is presenting the applications of Modellus in science teaching Simulation of crystal lattice motion which depends on temperature (by Grzegosz Osinski) MPTL11

32. Discussion the teacher solutions during the consecutive meetings MPTL11

33. Additional Polish activity General Polish competition on Multimedia Aided Science Experiments As the result within three last editions of this competition we got more than 110 papers with interesting propositions from the field of physics, biology, chemistry and environmental education. Some science teachers propositions have been already checked in school practice as the ecological refrigerator shown below. MPTL11

34. Dissemination of the Project results Some multimedia aided experiments were presented by Krzysztof Sluzewski to school students from other european countries. The best teacher solutions have been presented during theworkshops of the Polish Association of Science Teacherson: How ICT is used in science education? organised by us in the year 2005 (Opole) and 2006 (Warszawa). MPTL11

35. In the next steps we would like to extend our Miltimedia Mini - Laboratory network to whole Poland! Acknowledgments We would like to acknowledge the Directorate–General for Education and Culture of EC for the financial support of the SOCRATES–Comenius EU–ISE grant, which activities were described in this paper. Thank You for your attention! MPTL11

36. References • Rogers L.T., The Use of Software to Explore Experimental Data, New Ways of Teaching Physics, Proc. of GIREP Conference, Ljubljana 1996. • Rogers L. T., Integrating modelling with data logging – a new approach, Proc. of GIREP Conference, Lund 2002, • Pinto R., Aliberas J., Approachesto the Use of MBL to the Secondary School, New Ways of Teaching Physics, Proc. of GIREP Conference, Ljubljana 1996. • Pecori B., MBL as Unifying Tool in Hands-on Physics Education, Hands-on Experiments in Physics Education, Proc. of GIREP Conference, Duisburg, 1998. • Frost R., Data Logging in Practice, IT in Science, London, 1998. • Turlo Z., Turlo J., Model of Smart Refrigerator for Environmental Education, Proc. of ICPE-GIREP International Conference - Hands on Experiments in Physics Education, Duisburg, 1998. • Turlo J., Karbowski A., Osinski G., Sluzewski K., Turlo Z., Modernised MBL for Science Teacher, Proc. of Intern. Conf. "Science and Mathematics Teaching for the Information Society", Top Kurier, Torun 2001. • Demkanin P., Hola K., Koubek V, Pocitacom podporovane prirodovedne laboratorium, FMFI UK, Bratislava, 2006. • Turlo J at al., Przykłady wykorzystania technologii informacyjnej w edukacji przyrodniczej, PDF, Torun, 2006. • Mioduszewska E., Ellermeijer T., Coach 5: Science and Technology Learning Environment for 15-20 years students, Workshop Multimedia in Physics Teaching and Learning, AMSTEL Institute, Amsterdam 1999. • Felski P., Sluzewski K.,Photosynthesis and Plant Respiration Studies with the Use of ICT, Science Education, Top Kurier, Torun, 7/2003. MPTL11