Ancient G reek Scientists

1. Europe: past, present and future AncientGreekScientists ScientificProgress - Revolution I.E.S. Máximo Laguna. Santa Cruz Mudela [SpanishTeam]

2. AncientGreece: • VIII b.c – II b.c. • City-States: Athens, Spartha, Thebas, Corinth

3. Subjects: • OlympicGames • Music • Geometry • Technology

4. Geometry: Euclides • Tiro-Alexandria • 330 b.C. – 275 b.C. Tales of Mileto: • Mileto • 624 b.C. – 546 b.C.

5. Tales of Mileto • Theoreme of Tales: • Usefultomeasurehighbuildings. • Similar triangles. • He calculatedthehigh of thePyramids of Guiza.

6. Euclides • Geometry of Euclides: • Thespace in threedimensions. • OurTechnicalDrawings • Geometry and maths

7. Technology: Archimedes: • Siracusa • 287 b.C. – 212 b.C.

8. Archimedes • Archimedes’ principle

9. Archimedes • Archimedes’ screw • Device first used to pump water out of ships and was later used in irrigation. • This type of water pump is still used in many parts of the world today.

10. Archimedes • Law of thelever • Magnitudes are in equilibrium at distances reciprocally proportional to their weights. • “Give me a place to stand on, and I will move the Earth.”

11. Music: Aristotle, character and music Aristotle: • Stagira (Macedonia) • 384 b.C. – 322 b.C.

12. Aristotle • Ethos, musicotherapy and themusicwe listen. • These are thethreeparts of ourwork: • ForArsitotle“ethos” was “thecharacterorway of beingderivedfromthe usual”. Thereforethegreeksocietyfeelstheurgenttocreate rules toregulatetheirbehaviour and toallowthemodelling of theircharacter. So themusicwasusedforthesepurpose. • Themusicotherapyisthe use of music in anorganizedstructure of workwith a therapeuticpurpose. Itisrelatedtorestoringtheemotionalpart of peopleamongotherthings. Itappearedbetween 1900 and 1950 and itwascreatedbyEmileDalcroze. • Themusicwe listen activatesdeep neuronal mechanisms and modifieshowwefeel. Differentmusicelements combine in a waythat can achievechanges in severalaspects of ourstateencouragement.

13. Aristotle • Greekmusic: Moods. • Aristotlewasthefirstonewhotheorizeabouthow can musicinfluenceourbehaviour. • Themusicelementthatchangesourcharacter in a more powerfullwayisharmony so greek musical theoryusedmoods and theirscalestomodifiedhowwebehaved. Such as: • Lydianmood(from C’ to C) induces voluptoussensations and banishesworries. • Hypofrigianmood(from G’ to G) isthemoodrelatedtoaction. • Doricmood(from E’ to E) induces balance, harmony, self-esteemorrespect of thelaw. • Hypodoricmood (from A’ to A) expressednobility and vigor.

14. Aristotle • Musicotherapy. • Accordingtomusicotherapy, theeffects of musical elementsonhumans are, amongotherones: • Rythm: Theslowrythmsraisesclam and sadness and thefastonesarousejoy and activity. • Harmony: Theconsonantschords are associatedwith balance and thediscordantones are associatedwithanxiety. • Tone: Themajormodes are cheerfull and theminoronesevokemelancholy and intimacy. • Instrumentation: Thewindinstruments are knownfortheircheerfull and livelypower, whilethepercussioninstruments incites action and movement.

15. Aristotle • Themusicwe listen and howwebehave. • Althoughthe idea that musical tastes define personalitymayseem simple, itis true thatourmusicbehaviouris a projection of ourpersonality. Listening and producingmusicwe show ourselves as we are or as wefeel. Everyone of us consume therightmusicforourneedings. • Forexample: • Reflexive and complexmusic (jazz, blues, classical) pleasequiet, smartortolerantpeople. • Rebel and intense music (indie, rock, heavy metal) pleasepeoplethatfeelcuriosity in knowing new things and thatassumerisks. • Energetic and rythmicmusic (rap, funk) isthefavorite of theconfident and theoneswhoavoidconservative ideas.

16. Music: Aristotle, character and music Aristotle: • Stagira (Macedonia) • 384 b.C. – 322 b.C.

17. Aristotle • Ethos, musicotherapy and themusicwe listen. • These are thethreeparts of ourwork: • ForArsitotle“ethos” was “thecharacterorway of beingderivedfromthe usual”. Thereforethegreeksocietyfeelstheurgenttocreate rules toregulatetheirbehaviour and toallowthemodelling of theircharacter. So themusicwasusedforthesepurpose. • Themusicotherapyisthe use of music in anorganizedstructure of workwith a therapeuticpurpose. Itisrelatedtorestoringtheemotionalpart of peopleamongotherthings. Itappearedbetween 1900 and 1950 and itwascreatedbyEmileDalcroze. • Themusicwe listen activatesdeep neuronal mechanisms and modifieshowwefeel. Differentmusicelements combine in a waythat can achievechanges in severalaspects of ourstateencouragement.

18. 786 b. c. till 393 a. d. OLYMPIC GAMES OF ANCIENT GREECE

19. In ancientGreecephysicalexercisewasanessencialpart of the complete education. • TheOlimpycGameswerethe show of aneducationalsystem. OLYMPIC GAMES OF ANCIENT GREECE

20. The Olympic Games as we know them today have a long history which goes back to ancient times. • Everything started in the Peloponnese, in Greece many years ago. OLYMPIA, CRADLE OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES

21. OLYMPIA, CRADLE OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES • The ancient Olympic Games were a series of athletic competitions among representatives of various city-states of ancient Greece. They were held in honor of Zeus. •   They began in 776 a. C. in Olympia (Greece), and held until 393 d. C.

22. OLYMPIA, CRADLE OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES • Games took place every four years. • During the celebration of the Games an Olympic truce or peace was proclaimed, to allow athletes to travel safely from their countries to Olympia. • The duration of the Games were five days.

23. OLIMPYC SPORTS • JUMP • JAVALIN HURLING • DISC HURLING • FOOT RACES ( a stadium= 192,27 m; diaulo= two stadiums; dolichos=24estadiums) • FIGHTING (wrestling, pugilato, pancracio). • HORSE RACINGChariot racing and horse riding. 7.PENTATLON.

24. PARTICIPATION AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES • Competitors had to be male, of Greek origin and a free man. Women, slaves and foreigners were excluded. • They had to be 20 to participate. • First they wore a kind of tunic; afterwards their naked body was their only garment. • Every city chose their representatives, who spent six months training at Elis, a city near Olimpia. There they chose the athletes who competed at the games.

25. PARTICIPATION AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES • The winner of an Olympic event was awarded an olive leaf crown and often was received with great honour throughout Greece, especially in his home town.

26. MODERN OLIMPYC GAMES • The modern Olympic Games is the leading international sporting event in which thousands of athletes participate in a variety of competitions. They are considered to be the world's foremost sports competition.

27. MODERN OLIMPYC GAMES • The Olympic Games are held every four years. • Their creation was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games.

28. MODERN OLIMPYC GAMES • They were founded by Baron Pierre de Coubertin. • The First Modern Olympics Games were held in 1896 in Athens, Greece.

29. TheOlympic Symbols The five Olympic rings represent the unity of the five continents and remember the olimpyc peace. The colors were chosen because every nation had at least one of them on its national flag.

30. TheOlympic Symbols The Olympic Flame symbolizes the Olympic spirit of antiquity and is a warning to all athletes in the world that the Games are about to begin.

31. TheOlympic Symbols • Its motto '' Citius Altius, Fortius'' means'' faster, higher, stronger.'‘

32. TheOlympic Symbols • Olimpyc ideals are expressed in the olimpyc creed: '' The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle”.

33. Thankyouforyourattention