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Ten Principles of Economics. Chapter 1. Terminology. Economy Households Society Scarcity Economics “How society manages scarce resources”. How People Make Decisions. 1. People Face Trade-offs To get something, must give up something Examples Studying Guns v. butter
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Ten Principles of Economics Chapter 1
Terminology • Economy • Households • Society • Scarcity • Economics • “How society manages scarce resources”
How People Make Decisions 1. People Face Trade-offs • To get something, must give up something • Examples • Studying • Guns v. butter • Environment v. standard of living • Efficiency v. Equity • Efficiency • Size of pie • Equity • How pie is divided
How People Make Decisions 2. Cost of Something Is What You Give Up to Get It • Compare benefits and costs • Problems with calculating costs • What to include • Opportunity cost 3. Rational People Think at the Margin • Marginal changes • Plane example 4. People Respond to Incentives • Gas prices • Seat belts
How People Interact 5. Trade Can Make Everyone Better Off • Families • Countries 6. Markets Are Usually a Good Way to Organize Economic Activity • Communism • Market economy • Adam Smith • Government interference
How People Interact 7. Governments Can Sometimes Improve Market Outcomes • Protect assets • Increase efficiency • Market failure • Externality • Market power • Increase equity • Economists v. Government policies
How Economy as a Whole Works 8. Country’s Standard of Living Depends on Ability to Produce Goods and Services • US average income • Impacted by productivity • Policymakers 9. Prices Rise When Government Prints Too Much Money • Inflation • 1920s Germany 10. Society Faces a Short-Run Tradeoff between Inflation and Unemployment • Phillips curve • Business cycle