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Neoclassicism, Realism, and Naturalism. Neoclassicism. Orderly and solemn Calm and rational Subjects are often historical or from mythology Though art should be morally “uplifting” “Founder”- J.L. David.
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Neoclassicism • Orderly and solemn • Calm and rational • Subjects are often historical or from mythology • Though art should be morally “uplifting” • “Founder”- J.L. David
Architecture showed order, elements of antiquity, columns, pediments, and the influence of Palladio
1900 Paris Opera House 2000
Maison Acquart Bordeaux, France
Neoclassicism, Ingres, “Jupiter” and “Jupiter” (detail)
The Greek poet Sappho Neoclassic bust of Voltaire by Houdon
Bodoni’s Greek and Roman classics “the typographic expression of neoclassicism and a return to ‘antique virtue’”
Realism • “a force that would dominate the second half of the nineteenth century” • “precise imitation of visual perceptions without alteration” • Subjects from their own lives/experiences • “sense of muted sobriety to art” • Strong connection to the Industrial Revolutions RESULTS
Rosa Bonheur (1822-1899) Disguised as a man to sketch and paint, worked in a slaughterhouse to learn anatomy, had to obtain a permit to wear trousers in public
Daumier, “Advise to Young Artist”
Daumier, “Trasnonain Street”
“Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec…bohemian artist of the Moulin Rouge…captured the spirit and emotion of the belle époque…"beautiful era" in Paris”
Unknown at the time, Henri suffered from a genetic condition that prevented his bones from healing properly. At maturity, Lautrec was 4 1/2 feet tall. But his great misfortune was a sort of blessing in disguise, at least from our perspective…he was no longer able to follow in the typically aristocratic pastimes of riding and hunting. Instead, he focused on sketching and painting. Lautrec captured the spirit and emotion of his era in his posters and portraits.
Wow. We sure learned a huge amount about the schools of art and literature in the Nineteenth Century today. Are these the only schools of art in the Nineteenth Century?
Fear Not! We still have many exciting art lessons to come! And now let’s talk about literature.
A new “school” developed in the late 1800’s… Naturalism “…in literature…a belief in the determining power of natural forces like heredity and environment”
Honore de Balzac Gustave Flaubert
When her father died in 1849, Mary Ann moved to London and her literary interest blossomed. Her first novel Scenes of aClerical Life was published in 1857 under the name of George Eliot. Many of the characters and scenes in this first novel and a number that followed reference her life in Warwickshire as a girl.
“War and Peaceis a vast epic centered on Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion of Russia in 1812. It was conceived on Tolstoy's view that history proceeds inexorably to its own ends with mankind appearing as an incidental instrument of the historical process. There are over five hundred characters in the book and the story presents a complete tableau of Russian society from 1805 to 1820, encompassing emperors, ministers, generals, officers, soldiers, nobles and peasants. Tolstoy succeeds in expounding his views of life by attributing to his characters the contrasting qualities which he felt were to be adopted or eschewed in order to reach a proper understanding of mankind's place in the world.”
"The fear of dying without ever having known love was greater than the fear of death itself. I know now, I was not alone in the horror of this darkness. So too was the fear of Anna Karenina."
Theodore Dreiser American Novelist… So why is he included in European History?
“Sister Carrie is an epic of city life, of transient idealists besieged by industrialism and its anonymity. It is the story of two people, at once attracted and repelled by their vastly different backgrounds, who in the course of involvement, are led into wholly unexpected areas of experience. Provincial and naive, Carrie becomes involved with Hurstwood, a respectable Chicago tavern manager twice her age, who alienates himself from his family. Out of despair he resorts to theft, is compelled to flee and cannot obtain employment. Carrie, in turn, becomes a chorus girl and later, under the dubious glow of her fame as an actress, their tragedy crystallizes.”
“An American Tragedy tells the story, based on a sensational true crime, of a young man who is working his way towards the American dream and refuses to let a pregnant former girlfriend stand in the way of his chance for romance with a wealthy woman. He takes the slattern out in a boat & clobbers her, but is tried and executed for the crime.”
“It tells the story of the murder of a depraved landowner, Fyodor Karamazov, and the ensuing investigation and trial, concentrating on the parts played by Karamazov's three sons, Mitya, Ivan and Alyosha. Ivan is a revolutionary intellectual, while the young novice Alyosha is, according to Dostoyevsky, the novel's ‘hero’. It is Mitya's passion for two women that contributes to disaster, and it is he who inwardly accepts the guilt of his father's murderer. “ What Dostoyevsky thought “I'd die happy if I could finish this final novel, for I would have expressed myself completely.”
