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Science 9

Science 9. Aim: Up taking nutrients into living organisms and Water quality. Agenda. Science Sizzler Nutrient up take notes Lunch Notes cont. Bill Nye Homework Next class. Maintaining the Right Nutrient Levels.

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Science 9

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  1. Science 9 Aim: Up taking nutrients into living organisms and Water quality

  2. Agenda • Science Sizzler • Nutrient up take notes • Lunch • Notes cont. • Bill Nye • Homework • Nextclass

  3. Maintaining the Right Nutrient Levels Very important that plants and animals maintain appropriate levels of nutrients Ideally, organisms should be able to access OPTIMUM AMOUNTSof needed nutrients = the amount that provides the organism with the best health

  4. Nutrient Uptake in Plants Nutrients enter the roots passively (no energy needed) and actively (energy needed)

  5. Nutrient Uptake in Plants Passive Uptake of Nutrients by the Roots: Diffusion:  Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration  Movement continues until concentrations are equal • Think Bacon or coffee smells in the house.

  6. Nutrient Uptake in Plants Passive Uptake of Nutrients by the Roots: Diffusion:  MOLECULES NATURALLY WANT TO EVEN OUT, SO NO ENERGY NEEDED

  7. WATERUptake in Plants Water Moves into plant roots by a special type of diffusion… …called OSMOSIS

  8. Nutrient Uptake in Plants Sometimes Plants still need nutrient uptake, even though concentration is already higher in the roots… … so, need to go from low to high concentration (against molecules natural tendency to even out) = NEED ENERGY Called Active Transport

  9. Nutrient Uptake in ANIMALS Ingestion: • The process of taking in food or drink • Ingested food must be broken down into small particles so our bodies can absorb its nutrients

  10. Nutrient Uptake in ANIMALS Ingestion: • The process of taking in food or drink • Ingested food must be broken down into small particles so our bodies can absorb its nutrients

  11. Nutrient Uptake in ANIMALS Breaking Down Our Food:  Mechanically - Chewing Food  Chemically - Enzymes in our mouth, stomach, & intestine speed up chemical reactions that break down our food into smaller molecules

  12. Nutrient Uptake in ANIMALS Hydrolysis • The breakdown of large organic molecules • Hydro = water • Lysis = breakdown • Substance broken down through hydrolysis has been hydrolyzed

  13. Nutrient Uptake in ANIMALS Once broken down, nutrients are absorbed through cell membranes of the intestine to enter the bloodstream

  14. Nutrient uptake in different environments • The environment an organism lives in will determine when the organism can obtain nutrients. • Eg. Desert, Rain forest, Arctic

  15. Substrates • A substrate is the material on which an organism moves or lives. • Some organisms are attached to their substrate, and capture nutrients from their location (sea anemone) • Some organisms obtain their nutrients from their substrates like mold on bread.

  16. Monitoring Water Quality Excessive Algae Growth • Lake becomes cloudy • Algal growth reduces the oxygen content - greatly impacts organisms in the lake (Ex. Trout die as O2 decreases)

  17. Monitoring Water Quality Does Clear Water = Healthy Lake? NO! Clear water can sometimes be harmful to organisms (Ex. Lakes affected by acid rain)

  18. Monitoring Water Quality The Government Monitors Water Quality based on 5 Factors: 1) Human Drinking Water 2) Recreation (ex. Swimming) 3) Livestock Drinking Water 4) Irrigation 5) Protection of Aquatic Life

  19. BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS Scientists use living organisms that live in water to help determine the water quality Indicatory Organisms Include:  Fish  Plants  Worms  Insects  Plankton  Bacteria

  20. Microbiological Indicators Microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, can cause problems if found in large enough numbers

  21. Aquatic Invertebrates as Indicators What are Invertebrates??  animals without backbones! Can be good indicators of water quality and pollution levels, because different invertebrates prefer different conditions (Pg 214)

  22. Chemical Factors that Impact Aquatic Organisms Water in the environment is never completely pure (never pure H2O). It always contains many different organic and inorganic compounds – which impact water quality

  23. Chemical Factors that Impact Aquatic Organisms Chemical factors Commonly Monitored as Water Quality Indicators: • Dissolved Oxygen Content • pH • Presence of Heavy Metals • Pesticides • Salt Content • Plant Nutrients (ex. N & P)

  24. pH’s Impact on Water Quality Diversity of organisms decreases as water becomes more acidic Water with a pH below 5 will not support many fish.

  25. Measuring Chemicals Concentration of chemicals in the environment is usually measure in PARTS PER MILLION (ppm) What does it mean to have 1ppm of oxygen?  1 part oxygen for every 1 million parts of the solution

  26. Example: 999 mL of water Solution of 1000 mL 1 mL of food coloring “1 part food coloring per 1000 parts solution” 1 ppm = 1 part food coloring per 1 000 000 parts solution (approx. 1 drop of food colouring in ½ bathtub)

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