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Regulation of Breathing

Regulation of Breathing. Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract. Thoracic cavity increases Inspiration occurs. A negative feedback system Mechanism to restore conditions to their original state. medulla oblongata.  CO 2 in the blood.  CO 2 in the blood.

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Regulation of Breathing

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  1. Regulation of Breathing Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract Thoracic cavity increases Inspiration occurs • A negative feedback system • Mechanism to restore conditions to their original state medulla oblongata  CO2 in the blood  CO2 in the blood Pressure receptors in alveoli Thoracic cavity decreases Expiration occurs Diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax Brain releases acetylcholine

  2. Gas Exchange • External Respiration • Respiratory system and circulatory system • Internal Respiration: • Circulatory system and cells

  3. External Gas Exchange • Alveoli are surrounded by capillary beds • Low-oxygen blood is pumped from the heart through the pulmonary artery arterioles  capillaries • Oxygendiffuses from the alveoli  capillaries • Carbon dioxide diffuses from the capillaries  alveoli • Oxygen-rich blood is carried from capillaries  venules  pulmonary vein  heart • Heart then circulates the blood around the body

  4. Internal Gas Exchange • Oxygen diffuses from the blood  cells • Carbon dioxide diffuses from the cells  blood

  5. Hemoglobin • Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, a pigment protein with an iron centre • Hemoglobin has a high affinity for oxygen and readily binds with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin • Hemoglobin increases the efficiency of gas exchange by removing oxygen from the blood plasma. Therefore oxygen will continue to diffuse into the blood

  6. Fun Facts! Noses: Whales: “Nose” is a blow hole on top of the head Pigs: Noses act as a rooting device Elephant: Nose used for manipulation Sneeze: Reflex action caused by the irritation of the nasal passages Hiccup: a spasm of the diaphragm; The sound comes from the epiglottis dropping down over the glottis Snoring: uvula vibrates and causes noise; happens only when air passage through the mouth is small as when we are sleeping. Laughing: consists of deep inspiration (breathing in) followed by a series of short, spasmodic, expirations (breathing out); crying is similar Yawning: indication of boredom, fatigue, and/or lack of oxygen; it is a deep inspiration with the mouth fully open Sighing: prolonged expiration

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