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Overview of the Pipe Organ: Structure, Function, and Sound Production

This overview explores the intricate workings of the pipe organ, a sophisticated wind instrument where each pipe corresponds to a note, akin to a pan flute. The mechanical air source and pipe design influence the timbre, while the console keys activate valves that control air flow. Each set of pipes producing a specific timbre is called a rank, and operations are controlled via stops and manuals. The pedal board manages low-pitched sounds, with pipe pitches determined by length and design. Discover the complexity and beauty of this remarkable instrument, regarded as the most complex machine prior to the Industrial Revolution.

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Overview of the Pipe Organ: Structure, Function, and Sound Production

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  1. PHYS103/DHC161 The Pipe Organ

  2. Overview The organ is a wind instrument • each pipe corresponds to one note (like a panflute) • mechanical air source • design of pipe determines timbre • console keys activate valves that let air into a given pipe • the console may be some distance away from the pipes “Most complex machine prior to the Industrial Revolution”

  3. organization A set of pipes that produce a particular timbre is called a rank

  4. operation each stop controls the air supply to a rank

  5. operation

  6. the console the pedals control low-pitched divisions each stop controls a rank each row of keys is called a manual each manual controls a division

  7. the air supply

  8. types of pipes flue reed

  9. flue pipes Like a recorder Can be open or closed on top Can be cylindrical or conical pitch determined by pipe length timbre determined by bore shape and diameter

  10. reed pipes pitch determined by reed only resonator affects timbre (reed) “vox humana” pipes (from the Weingarten Basilica) air flow

  11. pipe pitches pitch range of rank indicated by length of lowest pipe 16 ‘ is usually controlled by pedals 8’ is the “principal” rank 4’ is often called the “octave” rank 2’ and 1’ are very high registers

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