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Automatic Film Processing Clifford R. Berry, DVM

ACVR Artifacts. Automatic Film Processing Clifford R. Berry, DVM Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Tennessee Veterinary Specialists Center, Maitland, FL. Automatic Processors.

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Automatic Film Processing Clifford R. Berry, DVM

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  1. ACVR Artifacts Automatic Film Processing Clifford R. Berry, DVM Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Tennessee Veterinary Specialists Center, Maitland, FL

  2. Automatic Processors • Automatic processors will run a sheet of film through the developer, fixer and washing tanks and a drying rack

  3. Automatic Processors • Transport system (wet and dry) • Re-circulation system • Replenishment system • Temperature (Heating) system • Filtration

  4. Automatic Processor • Wet Tanks • Developer - first • Fixer - second • Wash - third • Planetary (1 inch transport) • Solar rollers (2 inch turnaround) • Guideshoes • Squeegees • Crossover assemblies • Developer-to-fix • Fix-to-wash • Wash-to-dry

  5. Step Purpose Manual (Time) Automatic (time) Wetting Swelling of the emulsion to permit subsequent chemical penetration 12 s _ Development Production of a manifest image from the latent image 5 min 22 s Stop Bath Termination of the development and removal of excess chemical from the emulsion 30 s _ Fixing Removal of remaining silver halide from the emulsion and hardening of the gelatin 15 min 22 s Washing Removal of Excess Chemicals 20 min 20 s Drying Removal of water and preparation of the radiograph for viewing 30 min 26 s Steps in Film Processing

  6. Automatic Processor Artifacts • Density differences • Positive • Developer stage (pressure or mishandling after exposure) • Negative • Fixer or wash stages • Seen easily in reflected light - wash rack or dryer assembly; particulate debris from any roller

  7. Automatic Processor Artifacts • Parallel to Film Travel • Entrance/exit roller mark (-) • Entrance roller fog/pressure (marks, +) • Guide shoe marks • (+) - developer or developer-to-fix crossover • (-) - fixer turnaround or fix-to-wash crossover • Delay streaks (+)

  8. Automatic Processor Artifacts • Perpendicular to Film Travel • Slap Lines - trailing edge (+) • Stub or Hesitation lines (+) • Chatter (+) • Pi Lines (+) • Developer roller (1 inch diameter planetary rollers) • 2πr = 3.14” apart • Curtain run back - (+), trailing edge of film

  9. Automatic Processor Artifacts • Random Artifacts • Drying patterns/Spots • Wet pressure marks • Emulsion pick off • Lack of normal filtration • Replenishment pump failure • Re-circulation pump failure • Exhausted or lack of chemical replacement

  10. Entrance Roller Fog/Pressure • Ribbed rollers • Determine length of film • Activates Replenishment pump

  11. Entrance Roller Marks • Parallel Film Travel • Scratches on emulsion • Negative density

  12. Underexposed/NormalDevelopment

  13. Guide Shoe Pressure/Scratches Positive density Perpendicular to Film Travel Turn around shoe - developer (bottom of film) Developer-to-fix crossover (top of film)

  14. Guide Shoe Pressure/Scratches • Negative density • Top of Film - Fix-to-wash crossover • Bottom of Film - Fixer turnaround guide shoe

  15. Pi Lines - 3.14” Apart

  16. Curtain Run Back • Trailing Edge • Single Emulsion Film • Developer Squeegee • Positive Density Curtain • Bottom side of Film

  17. Cold Developer

  18. Chatter

  19. Delay Streaks

  20. Slap Lines

  21. Film Overlap

  22. Hesitation Marks/Squeegee Action

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