Genetics

1. Genetics Gregor Mendel Chapter 11

2. Mendel • Austrian Monk • Was a local high school science teacher • Job was to grow food for the entire monastery • Became interested in how traits are passed from parents to offspring.

3. Variations

4. Human Genetics

5. Principles of Inheritance • E:\Early_Principles_of_Inheritance.asf

6. Mendel • Crossed and controlled breeding of pea plants • Used burlap sacks to control pollination of flowering pea plants • Very controlled experiment • Many generations in a short period of time

8. Mendel’s Work • Crossed a tall pea plant with a tall pea plant, produced all tall plants. • Crossed a short pea plant with a short pea plant, produced all short plants. • Crossed a tall pea plant with a short plant, produced all tall plants. • Took seeds from the previous cross, produced 3 tall plants and one short plant

9. Monohybrid Crosses • E:\Introduction____Classical_Genetics_and_Monohybrid_Crosses.asf

10. Mendel’s Research • E:\Gregor_Mendel_s_Research_and_Principles.asf

12. Mendel’s Discoveries • E:\Mendel_s_Research_and_Discoveries.asf

13. Mendel’s Hypothesis • Traits are controlled by factors (genes) which always occur in pairs • Factors (genes) separate during the formation of sex cells (gametes). • In a pair of factors (genes) one may mask or hide the effect of the other trait.

16. Possible Gametes

17. Punnett Square

18. Punnett Square

19. Punnett Square

20. Punnett Square

21. Punnett Square

22. Punnett Square

23. Punnett Square

24. Pea Plants

25. Mendel’s Crosses

26. Genetic Terms • Homozygous- two alleles that are the same, TT or tt • Heterozygous- two alleles that are opposite, Tt (hybrid) • genotype- using letters to represent traits, TT, Tt, tt. • Phenotype-a physical description of a trait, • Homozygous tall, heterozygous tall.

27. Genetics • In pigs white coat color is dominant to black coat color. Curly tails are dominant to straight tails. • Cross a heterozygous white coat, heterozygous curly tail male with a heterozygous white coat, heterozygous curly tail female. Predict the possible results.

28. Probability • E:\Probability.asf

30. Mendel’s research on Pea Plants • E:\Gregor_Mendel_s_Reseach_on_Pea_Plants_and_His_Development_of_Theories_of_Inheritance.asf

31. Dihybrid Crosses • E:\Introduction___Dihybrid_Crosses.asf

32. Dihybrid Cross

33. Dihybrid Cross

34. Breeding Song Birds • E:\Breeding_White_Songbird_Canaries_Through_a_Dihybrid_Cross.asf

35. Incomplete Dominance • E:\Incomplete_Dominance_in_Snapdragons.asf

36. Genetics • In four ‘o’ clocks, red is incompletely dominant to white flower color. The heterozygous condition results in pink flowers. • Cross a red flower with a pink flower and predict the results. • Cross a pink flower with a pink flower and predict the results.

37. Multiple Alleles and Co-dominance • E:\Multiple_Alleles_and_Co_Dominance_in_Human_Blood_Types.asf

39. Incomplete dominance vs. Co- dominance • Incomplete- you get a mixture. Red and white, you get pink. • Co-dominance- both traits appear. Red and white to make roan. • A and B blood types combine to make AB.

40. Human Alleles • E:\Possible_Combinations_of_Human_Alleles.asf

41. Fruit Flies • E:\Research_on_the_Genetic_Make_up_of_the_Fruit_Fly_Drosophila.asf

42. Human Sex Chromosomes

43. Sex Linked Inhertiance • E:\Introduction___Sex_Linked_Inheritance.asf

44. Sex Linked Inhertiance • E:\Inherited_Human_Traits_and_Patterned_Sex_Linked_Inheritance.asf

45. Color Blindness • E:\Color_Blindness.asf

48. Color Blindness

49. Hemophylia • E:\Hemophylia.asf

50. Pedigree Charts • E:\Organizing_Information_About_Sex_Linked_Inheritance_in_Pedigree_Charts.asf