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Understanding the Structure and Elements of Drama in Literature

This lesson explores the intriguing world of drama, a literary form with roots over 2,500 years old, highlighted during ancient Greek competitions like the Festival of Dionysus. We will delve into key elements of drama, including the roles of playwrights, scripts, acts, scenes, protagonists, and antagonists. The importance of dialogue, monologue, characterization, and staging will also be examined. Additionally, we will distinguish between various types of drama, such as comedy and tragedy, and their historical contexts that shape narratives, such as in "The Diary of Anne Frank."

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Understanding the Structure and Elements of Drama in Literature

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  1. Craft Lesson: Structure and Elements of Drama

  2. Drama: often used to describe plays that address serious subjects. • Drama was developed more than 2,500 years ago. • The ancient Greeks held a dramatic competition at the Festival of Dionysus each year. • Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes are some of the first playwrights.

  3. Elements of drama: • Playwright: the author of the play. • Script: is a written form of a play • Acts: are the units of the action in a drama. Acts are often divided into scenes. • Scenes: are sections of uninterrupted drama.

  4. Protagonists: are the central, or main, figures of a drama • Antagonists: are the onstage characters – or the unseen forces – who oppose them • Dialogue: is the words characters say to each other. • Monologue: is a long, uninterrupted speech that is spoken by a single character and reveals his or her thoughts and feelings.

  5. Characterization: is the playwright’s technique of creating believable characters through actions, dialogue, and movements. • Set: onstage scenery that suggests the time and place. • Stage directions: are instructions that convey information about sound effects, sets, props, and characters’ actions, gestures, and movements across the stage. Usually in italicsor brackets or both.

  6. Staging: refers to all the elements that brings: • drama to life on stage • scenery • lighting • sound effects • costumes • how to speak lines and move

  7. Stage Diagram BACKSTAGE Off Stage Right Wing Off Stage Left Wing Orchestra Pit AUDIENCE

  8. Historical Context • deals with the atmosphere and conflict of a past era • includes: political forces, beliefs, and events that influence the character(s) • i.e. The Diary of Anne Frank • political forces: the Nazis • beliefs: that the European Jews were • considered an inferior race • events: destruction of over six million European Jews by the Nazis

  9. Types of Drama: • Comedy: is a form of drama that has a happy ending, often feature ordinary characters in funny situations, can be written to entertain but also to point out the faults of society. • Tragedy: often contrasted with comedy. Events lead to the downfall or death of the main character, often is a person of great significance, such as a king or a heroic figure. • Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare) • Historical Context: deals with the atmosphere and conflict of a past era and includes political forces, beliefs, and events that influence the character(s) • The Diary of Anne Frank

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