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CRCT Question

CRCT Question. Magma flows upward through cracks in rock because it is: Highly fluid Less dense than the surrounding solid meterial Highly magnetic More dense than the surrounding solid material. Tuesday CRCT Boot Camp. Earth Structure/Plate Tectonics And Earthquakes/volcanoes.

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CRCT Question

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  1. CRCT Question Magma flows upward through cracks in rock because it is: Highly fluid Less dense than the surrounding solid meterial Highly magnetic More dense than the surrounding solid material

  2. TuesdayCRCT Boot Camp Earth Structure/Plate Tectonics And Earthquakes/volcanoes

  3. Solar System Test Great Job!!!!

  4. Prove that the following wff is valid by means of resolution: xp(x)v xq(x) xp(x)vq(x) Why can’t you do this problem?

  5. You cannot do these problems because you do not know the math between what you now know and what you would need to know to do the problem!

  6. You will have the same problem with understanding the process that scientists call the big bang. Just because you cannot understand some of what scientists say about the big bang does not mean that scientists do not understand it clearly! They know the science between what you know and what is needed to be known to understand the big bang!

  7. The Big Bang Theory

  8. Think of crime scene investigations! Did the detectives see the explosion? No! They have to figure it out from evidence!

  9. That is what astronomers do! They take evidence from space to figure out the science!

  10. Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe is expanding.

  11. If the Universe is expanding, at some time it must have been concentrated in a single point.

  12. Some sort of “event” occurred to cause the change that formed the universe we have today.

  13. This event is what scientists call the "The Big Bang"

  14. Not like an explosion where debris flies off into space!

  15. Instead, it was the expansion of space and time itself, and therefore occurred everywhere at the same time.

  16. Any galaxies farther than ~ 13.7 billion ly away we cannot see! Why: because the light hasn’t had time to get here!!!

  17. Are there galaxies beyond what we can see? Astronomers think that answer is yes. We just can’t see them.

  18. What evidence do we have supporting the Big Bang?

  19. Universal red shift is the evidence for this expansion.

  20. Red shift is a form of the Doppler Effect. Sound shows Doppler effect too! Clip on this picture to experience the Doppler effect.

  21. red shift What you just heard was the Doppler effect with sound. Red shift is the Doppler effect with light.

  22. Notice that the line groupings are the same – only shifted red.

  23. From our position in the universe, it looks like we are the center because everything appears to be moving away from us. But we are not in the center.

  24. As a balloon gets larger every point moves away from every other point.

  25. If your galaxy was a raisin, notice that every raisin is moving away from every other raisin. In fact, a raisin far away from you is moving away faster than those that are closer. Our expanding universe acts the same way.

  26. The second evidence is Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation!

  27. This is energy “left over” from the Big Bang. -discovered in the early 1960’s.

  28. This is like an oven that was used to make cookies. The cookies are not visible but the smell is there (evidence) and when you open the oven door there is just a little bit of heat still there (another piece of evidence).

  29. What are the two pieces of evidence that support the Big Bang Theory that we discussed? Video clip of the big bang

  30. CRCT Review

  31. Quarter 1

  32. What are the characteristics of a mineral? • Solid • Inorganic – not living • Crystalline structure/pattern • Definite chemical makeup – same elements/compounds • Naturally occurring – not man-made

  33. How are minerals used? • Ore - valuable • Gemstones/jewelry • Nutrition • Diamond drill bits • Cleaning products • Reclamation: fix the land after mining – return to original or better condition

  34. How are rocks classified? • Texture – mineral grains: coarse, medium, fine • Mineral composition – mixture of more than 1 mineral, sediment • **Formation – how they are formed, not where they are found

  35. The Rock Cycle • Continual – no beginning, no end • Rocks can travel any path • Actions between changes… Look for key words/processes: • Sedimentary: WEDCC • Igneous: melting, cooling, and hardening • Metamorphic: heat and pressure

  36. Sedimentary Rocks • Sediment – bits of rock • Lithification • Stratification • WEDCC: weathering (breaking down to create sediment), erosion (moving of sediment), deposition (dropping of sediment), compaction (squeezing of sediment), and cementation (sediment glued together after the evaporation of mineral solution) • Can be formed from any type of rock

  37. Sedimentary Rock Types • Organic – once living material: limestone, coral • Chemical – minerals crystallize out of water - evaporation • Clastic – cemented together: conglomerate, sandstone, silt, shale

  38. Igneous Rocks • Melting, cooling, and hardening • Intrusive: magma – below surface, cools slowly, large crystals; coarse-grained texture – granite, gabbro • Extrusive: lava, above surface, cools quickly, small crystals, fine-grained or glassy texture – basalt, obsidian, pumice • Stone Mountain – batholith - intrusive

  39. Metamorphic Rocks • Heat – from mantle • Pressure – from layers of rock above • Often near tectonic plate boundaries • Foliated (banded, layered) and nonfoliated (nonbanded, not layered) • Composition can actually be changed • Can be formed from any rock type • Gneiss, marble, slate, phylite, schist

  40. Fossils • Remains or traces of once living things • Rapid burial • Soft parts decay, hard parts remain • Freezing temperatures slow decay • Most organisms don’t fossilize • Tell us how the climate has changed, how organisms have developed, how the Earth’s surface changed (Pangaea)

  41. Fossil Types • Mold (imprint), cast (rock fills in), petrified (mineral replacement - forests), amber, tar/asphalt (LeBrea Tar Pits), frozen • Trace fossils – evidence of activity (tail, footprint) • Index fossils – short lifespan, widespread geographically, numerous: trilobite and ammonite

  42. Relative Age/Dating • Approximate • Index fossils date rock layers • Law of superposition (older on bottom in geologic column, younger on top) • Original horizontality – undisturbed • Uniformitarianism – gradual, consistent – past helps us understand present

  43. Absolute Age/Dating • Exact age in years – most accurate • Radioactive decay: rateof decay in radioactive element – unstable to stable (half life) • Carbon-14: on once living organisms (carbon, organic) – up to 50,000 years • Uranium-lead: oldest rocks

  44. Geologic Time • Breaks geologic time into manageable parts: eon, era, period, epoch • Based on changes in fossil evidence (life changes) • Paleozoic (largest mass extinction), Mesozoic (reptiles – dinosaurs), Cenozoic (mammals, now) • Gaps in time – only a few organisms fossilized

  45. Fossil Fuels • From once living organisms; millions of years to form • We rely on them • Photochemical smog (worse in spring, summer), acidic precipitation (rain), worsens global warming/ozone damage • Nonrenewable - depleting rapidly • Coal, petroleum (oil), natural gas

  46. Alternative Energy • Expensive to implement • Less/no pollution • Wind (renewable, unreliable), biomass (organic, renewable), solar (Sun’s radiation, photocell, renewable, unreliable), hydroelectric (Lake Lanier, dam, renewable), geothermal (renewable), nuclear (fission, nonrenewable, radioactivity?)

  47. Conservation • Use less • Use what we do have more efficiently • Recycle • Water at night, don’t let the water run, carpool, turn the lights off, use energy-saver settings on appliances

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