MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

1. Introductionto Windows Server 2008 Chapter 1 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

2. Objectives Discuss clients, servers, and Windows network models Differentiate among the editions of Windows Server 2008 Identify Windows Server 2008 hardware requirements Discuss the new Windows Server 2008 technologies Describe new roles and features in Windows Server 2008 Navigate the Windows Server 2008 interface

3. Clients, Servers, and Windows Network Models • Client/Server Computing (Domain model with Active Directory) • Peer-to-peer (Workgroup model) • Network of computers that allow each other access to their files, printers, or Internet connection • By default, all Windows Server 2008 computers are placed in a workgroup named WORKGROUP • Membership status • Either a single workgroup or a domain

4. Domain Model with Active Directory • Domain • Group of users and computers managed by the same security database • Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) • Technology that runs the domain security database • Domain controllers (DCs) • Servers that hosts domain security database • Domain Name System (DNS) • TCP/IP-based standard for resolving computer names with IP addresses

5. Domain Model with Active Directory (continued) • Group Policy • A way to set up specific configurations for users and computers within an Active Directory domain • Forest • Network of domains related to each other by relationships known as trusts • Transitive trusts • Trusts between Active Directory domains in a tree are created automatically when you create domains • Allows sharing resources and information

7. Windows Server 2008, Standard Edition (SE) • Designed for smaller environments and single-purpose installations • Works as a single domain server for a small business or • A single file/application server in larger environments • File and Print Services • Internet Information Services (IIS) 7 • Active Directory • Distributed and Encrypting File Systems • Various management tools • Network Load Balancing

8. Windows Server 2008, Enterprise Edition (EE) • Features not available with Standard Edition (SE) • Significant increase in maximum allowable memory • Active Directory Federation Services (discussed later in this chapter) • Failover clustering • Installation of up to four virtual machines on each physical host • Hot-add memory • Decision to use Enterprise edition versus Standard edition depends on expense and functionality

9. Windows Server 2008, Datacenter Edition (DE) • Additional features • Ability to run up to 32 processors • Ability to hot-add and replace processors • Installation of unlimited virtual machines on each physical host • Each processor installed needs a Datacenter license • Microsoft does not currently differentiate among single, dual, and quad-core processors for licensing. All are considered a single processor.

10. Windows Web Server 2008 • Server roles not available • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) • DNS, file server • Purpose of this server is hosting Web sites and applications • Does not require client access licenses (CAL) for users • Software licenses that allow clients to access resources on a Microsoft network • You may install databases without limitations on user access to the Web site and its related data

11. Windows HPC Server 2008 Designed for High-Performance Computing (HPC) applications Accommodates up to thousands of processing cores because it is built on the Server 2008 64-bit architecture model

12. Windows Server 2008, Without Hyper-V • Hyper-V • Consolidates multiple server roles as separate virtual machines running on a single physical machine • Lets you efficiently run different operating systems in parallel on a single server • 32-bit versions of SE, EE, and DE do not support Hyper V

13. Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-Based Systems • Standard, Enterprise, and Datacenter editions • Available for servers using Intel Itanium Processors • Itanium processors • Use a different architecture from other 32-bit and 64-bit processors

15. 32-Bit and 64-Bit Processors • Differences between 32-bit and 64-bit processors are in: • Hardware limits • Driver and application support • 64-bit architectures • Have greater theoretical limit for processing data • Can handle twice the amount of data of a comparable 32-bit product • Windows Server 2008 64-bit version cannot run 16-bit Windows applications or use 32-bit drivers • You cannot run some legacy applications and hardware with 64-bit version • For legacy applications, virtual technologies are excellent option

16. New Technologies in Windows Server 2008 • Enhancements include: • Improved installation process • Hyper-V • Server Core • TCP/IP improvements • Network Access Protection • Server Manager • Windows Remote Management • PowerShell • Group Policy preferences

17. Improved Installation Process • Requires minimal user input • You no longer have to wait for the installation program to ask for information • Networking information, regional settings, and other settings

18. Hyper-V • Virtualization • Allows you to run one or more separate instances of an OS within a single host OS (conserves hardware resources) • Allows organizations to consolidate these physical systems onto high-powered servers (known as host system) • Available in 64-bit editions of Windows Server 2008 or as add-on application

19. Server Core • Stripped-down installation of Windows Server 2008 with a set of available roles and services more limited than in the Full version • Attack surface • Areas of the system that could expose it to security breaches • Much of UI removed • Provides single command-line window and tools for administration • Can be installed on Standard, Enterprise, and Datacenter editions of Windows Server 2008 • But only during initial installation of the operating system • Cannot upgrade from Server Core to Full version unless you perform a complete operating system reinstallation

20. Network Access Protection (NAP) • Helps to protect networks, both public and private, from malware such as viruses and spyware • Threat sources • Employees accessing the Internet from work and inadvertently install Trojan horses • Remote access to connections from external networks that create a gateway for viruses • Guest computers accessing an internal network that introduce malware to the network

21. TCP/IP Improvements • Next-Generation TCP/IP stack • New implementation of the TCP/IP protocol stack • Contains full support for IPv4 and IPv6 • Teredo • IPv6 technology that can encapsulate IPv6 packets as IPv4 packets to allow them to traverse IPv4 networks • Receive Window Auto-tuning • Optimizes the size of data packets a server can accept

22. Server Manager Centralizes commands to configuration tools Allows you to easily manage your server and network

23. PowerShell Becoming de facto CLI and scripting language for Microsoft products Allows you to string together commands, passing the result of one command into the next, in a process known as pipelining Passes results as .NET objects (not as text)

24. Windows Remote Management (WinRM) • Administrators can manage servers remotely by running management scripts and managing data on remote machines • WinRM allows you to access, edit, and update data from local and remote computers • WS-Management protocol • Public standard for exchanging management data remotely by any device implementing the protocol

25. Group Policy Preferences New feature of the Group Policy Management Console (GPMC) Applied but not enforced, settings in Group Policy enforced, preventing users from making changes Helps to implement Group Policies within your Active Directory environments

26. New Roles and Features in Windows Server 2008 • Role • Major function or service a server performs • File Services role • Allows server to share files on a network • Server role • Defines specific task a server is responsible for performing • Roles can be organized into three groups • Active Directory • Infrastructure • Network roles

28. Roles • Active Directory roles: • Certificate Services • Domain Services • Federation Services • Lightweight Directory Services • Active Directory Rights Management Services • Network roles: • DHCP, DNS, NPAS • Infrastructure roles: • Terminal Services; Fax Services; Print Services; File Services; Hyper-V; UDDI Services; Web Server (IIS 7); Windows Deployment Services

29. New Features • Feature • Similar to a job responsibility performed by a specific role • Features available in Server 2008 • .NET 3.0 Framework • Windows Desktop Experience • Network Load Balancing • Group Policy Management • Remote Server Administration Tools • Windows PowerShell • Windows Server Backup Features

30. Roles and Features Management • Server Manager console and Server Manager command-line utility (servermanagercmd.exe) • Used to manage roles and features • Major areas of information within Server Manager • Server Summary Roles Features • Diagnostics Configuration Storage • Server Manager Command - New CLI-based management tool that allows you to effectively • Install, configure, and remove roles and features in Server 2008 • New or improved features in Windows Server 2008 • Start menu Network and Sharing Center • Help and Support Windows Desktop Experience • Windows Desktop Experience Applications: • Windows Mail; Windows Media Player; Windows Aero and other desktop themes; Video for Windows (AVI support); Windows Photo Gallery; Windows SideShow; Windows Defender

31. Start Menu • Windows Server 2008 • Incorporates redesigned Start menu into its UI • Most efficient way to use Windows Server 2008 Start menu • Use Start Search text box

32. Network and Sharing Center • Provides central location for administering many network tasks in Windows Server 2008, including: • Network connections • Sharing settings • Network discovery options